The Phenomenology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Tourette Syndrome

Rothenberger, Aribert; Roessner, Veit

doi:10.1093/med/9780199796267.003.0002

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These include but are not limited to learning disabilities, language disorder, disruptive behavior, anxiety, mood disorders, tic disorders, seizures, autism spectrum disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and sleep disorders. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] In some cases, the presence of a comorbid condition will alter the treatment of ADHD.…”

Section: Kasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

et al. 2019

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The guidance in this report does not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate. All clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics automatically expire 5 years after publication unless reaffirmed, revised, or retired at or before that time. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dr Holbrook was not an author of the accompanying supplemental section on barriers to care. This document is copyrighted and is property of the American Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have filed conflict of interest statements with the American Academy of Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through a process approved by the Board of Directors. The American Academy of Pediatrics has neither solicited nor accepted any commercial involvement in the development of the content of this publication.

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Section: Kasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

et al. 2019

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“…Some study groups recently proposed the idea of a heterogeneous spectrum as a TS phenotype with associated disorders rather than a unitary condition. 18,23,24 The clinical spectrums of TS þ ADHD tend to overlap, especially in boys, suggesting a common pathophysiological basis (for reviews see, e.g., Freeman et al, 21 Cavanna and Rickards, 25 and Rothenberger and Roessner 26 ). Regarding TS þ ADHD as a comorbid condition, evidence points toward an, sometimes, increased risk for disruptive and aggressive (externalizing) behaviors instead of increased tic severity.…”

Section: Comorbidity and Psychopathological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome: Current Concepts of Etiology and Treatment in Children and Adolescents

Gloor

Walitza

2016

Neuropediatrics

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Tic disorders (TD), including chronic/persistent TD (CTD) and Tourette syndrome, have been described and studied for many years. Within the last two decades, intensified study efforts led to more specific assumptions about genesis and influences of both hereditary and environmental factors. TD in children and adolescents are very often accompanied by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) as comorbid disorders. Comorbidities are aggravating factors concerning prognosis and treatment opportunities. Therefore, etiological considerations and treatment strategies have to take associated psychiatric disorders into account. Treatment approaches are symptom targeted and include behavioral treatments and/or medication and show positive outcomes concerning tic symptomatology, global functioning, and associated psychopathology. This review presents an update of the research, definitions, and classification according to ICD-10 and DSM-5 and summarizes the diagnostic procedures and most effective clinical strategies.

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“…The rates are much lower among children with chronic motor or vocal tic disorder [7]. The prevalence of ADHD in patients with TS who reach clinical attention may be even higher [11, 29]. Based on the results of a longitudinal follow-up study of 65 individuals with TS and 65 matched community controls without tic or OCD symptoms, higher levels of ADHD severity in late adolescence are associated with a significantly lower level of global functioning [29].…”

Section: Comorbid Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Why do tics remit, or at least improve dramatically, in most individuals by the end of the second decade of life [13, 15 26]? Why do ADHD and tic-related OCD occur as commonly as they do [4, 11, 12, 29]? Why are these disorders so much more common in individuals with TS versus a chronic motor tic disorder [7]?…”

Section: Unanswered Questions An Agenda For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders

Leckman

King

Bloch

2014

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

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Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics--rapid, repetitive, stereotyped movements or vocalizations lasting at least one year in duration. The goal of this article was to review the long-term clinical course of tics and frequently co-occurring conditions in children with TS. Methods: We conducted a traditional literature search to locate relevant articles regarding long-term outcome and prognosis in TS and tic disorders. Results: Tics typically have an onset between the ages of 4 and 6 years and reach their worst-ever severity between the ages of 10 and 12 years. By age 10 years, most children are aware of nearly irresistible somatosensory urges that precede the tics. A momentary sense of relief typically follows the completion of a tic. Over the course of hours, tics occur in bouts, with a regular inter-tic interval. Tics increase during periods of psychosocial stress, emotional excitement and fatigue. Tics can become “complex” in nature and appear to be purposeful. Tics can be willfully suppressed for brief intervals and can be evoked by the mere mention of them. Tics typically diminish during periods of goal-directed behavior. Over the course of months, tics wax and wane. By early adulthood, roughly three-quarters of children with TS will have greatly diminished tic symptoms and more than one-third will be virtually tic free. Conclusion: Although tics are the defining aspect of TS, they are often not the most enduring or impairing symptoms in children with TS. Indeed in TS tics rarely occur in isolation, and other coexisting conditions--such as behavioral disinhibition, hypersensitivity to a broad range of sensory stimuli, problems with visual motor integration, procedural learning difficulties, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety, and emotional instability--are often a greater source of impairment than the tics themselves. Measures used to enhance self-esteem, such as encouraging independence, strong friendships and the exploration of interests, are crucial to ensuring positive adulthood outcome.

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The Phenomenology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Tourette Syndrome

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome: Current Concepts of Etiology and Treatment in Children and Adolescents

Clinical features of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders

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