The Phenomenology of Parkinson's Disease

Hess, Christopher W.; Hallett, Mark

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1601869

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The evaluation of the internal validity and presentation of necessary statistical information of the studies was performed by two independent reviewers (PCAO and TABA), who used the classification scale of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) (22). The PEDro scale consists of 11 items that assess the followings: (1) eligibility criteria, (2) randomness of groups, (3) secret allocation, (4) homogeneity between groups, (5) blinding of participants, (6) blinding of therapists, (7) evaluator blinding, (8) key outcome in more than 85% of subjects, (9) intention-totreat analysis, (10) statistical comparison between groups, and (11) precision measure and variability measures. The PEDro scale is one of the most used instruments in rehabilitation to assess the methodological quality of clinical trials (23,24).…”

Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Oliveira¹,

Araújo²,

Machado

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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Background: Clinical impact of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alone for Parkinson's disease (PD) is still a challenge. Thus, there is a need to synthesize available results, analyze methodologically and statistically, and provide evidence to guide tDCS in PD.Objective: Investigate isolated tDCS effect in different brain areas and number of stimulated targets on PD motor symptoms.Methods: A systematic review was carried out up to February 2021, in databases: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of science. Full text articles evaluating effect of active tDCS (anodic or cathodic) vs. sham or control on motor symptoms of PD were included.Results: Ten studies (n = 236) were included in meta-analysis and 25 studies (n = 405) in qualitative synthesis. The most frequently stimulated targets were dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortex. No significant effect was found among single targets on motor outcomes: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III – motor aspects (MD = −0.98%, 95% CI = −10.03 to 8.07, p = 0.83, I2 = 0%), UPDRS IV – dyskinesias (MD = −0.89%, CI 95% = −3.82 to 2.03, p = 0.55, I2 = 0%) and motor fluctuations (MD = −0.67%, CI 95% = −2.45 to 1.11, p = 0.46, I2 = 0%), timed up and go – gait (MD = 0.14%, CI 95% = −0.72 to 0.99, p = 0.75, I2 = 0%), Berg Balance Scale – balance (MD = 0.73%, CI 95% = −1.01 to 2.47, p = 0.41, I2 = 0%). There was no significant effect of single vs. multiple targets in: UPDRS III – motor aspects (MD = 2.05%, CI 95% = −1.96 to 6.06, p = 0.32, I2 = 0%) and gait (SMD = −0.05%, 95% CI = −0.28 to 0.17, p = 0.64, I2 = 0%). Simple univariate meta-regression analysis between treatment dosage and effect size revealed that number of sessions (estimate = −1.7, SE = 1.51, z-score = −1.18, p = 0.2, IC = −4.75 to 1.17) and cumulative time (estimate = −0.07, SE = 0.07, z-score = −0.99, p = 0.31, IC = −0.21 to 0.07) had no significant association.Conclusion: There was no significant tDCS alone short-term effect on motor function, balance, gait, dyskinesias or motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease, regardless of brain area or targets stimulated.

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Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tremor initially appears unilateral and progresses to bilateral, worsening in stressful circumstances or cognitive tasks, and can be attenuated during sleep or movement ( 6 ). Rigidity causes constant or oscillating resistance to passive joint movement and can be increased by tasks demanding attention ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Oliveira¹,

Araújo²,

Machado

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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“…Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that affects the way people move [1][2][3]. Currently accepted diagnostic criteria require the presence of bradykinesia and at least one other motor symptom such as rest tremor, rigidity, or postural instability [4][5][6][7][8]. Bradykinesia, one of the early symptoms of PD, is also known as hypokinesia, and typically emerges when dopamine levels in the brain decline because of a progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the appearance of intracellular inclusions, also known as Lewy bodies [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate control deficits during pinch grip and ankle dorsiflexion in early-stage Parkinson’s disease

Chung

Knight²,

Bower³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Much of our understanding of the deficits in force control in Parkinson’s disease (PD) relies on findings in the upper extremity. Currently, there is a paucity of data pertaining to the effect of PD on lower limb force control. Objective The purpose of this study was to concurrently evaluate upper- and lower-limb force control in early-stage PD and a group of age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Methods Twenty individuals with PD and twenty-one healthy older adults participated in this study. Participants performed two visually guided, submaximal (15% of maximum voluntary contractions) isometric force tasks: a pinch grip task and an ankle dorsiflexion task. PD were tested on their more affected side and after overnight withdrawal from antiparkinsonian medication. The tested side in controls was randomized. Differences in force control capacity were assessed by manipulating speed-based and variability-based task parameters. Results Compared with controls, PD demonstrated slower rates of force development and force relaxation during the foot task, and a slower rate of relaxation during the hand task. Force variability was similar across groups but greater in the foot than in the hand in both PD and controls. Lower limb rate control deficits were greater in PD with more severe symptoms based on the Hoehn and Yahr stage. Conclusions Together, these results provide quantitative evidence of an impaired capacity in PD to produce submaximal and rapid force across multiple effectors. Moreover, results suggest that force control deficits in the lower limb may become more severe with disease progression.

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“…The parkinsonian symptoms clinically include motor features, such as rest tremor, muscular rigidity and bradykinesia, and non-motor symptoms containing autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, psychiatric symptoms, dementia, etc. Since non-motor symptom appears at onset, the patients with PD may develop into classical motor features after long-term disease duration as the disease progresses [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADP/ATP translocase 1 protects against an α-synuclein-associated neuronal cell damage in Parkinson’s disease model

Ding

et al. 2021

Cell Biosci

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Background ADP/ATP translocase 1 (ANT1) is involved in the exchange of cytosolic ADP and mitochondrial ATP, and its defection plays an important role in mitochondrial pathogenesis. To reveal an etiological implication of ANT1 for Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, a mouse model treated with 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and neuroblastoma cell model induced by 1-methyl-4-pehny1-pyridine were utilized in this study. Results The tissue-specific abundance in ANT1 in mouse brains was accessed using the analysis of Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Down-regulated soluble ANT1 was found to be correlated with PD, and ANT1 was associated with PD pathogenesis via forming protein aggregates with α-synuclein. This finding was confirmed at cellular level using neuroblastoma cell models. ANT1 supplement in neuronal cells revealed the protective roles of ANT1 against cytotoxicity caused by MPP+. Protein interaction assay, coupled with the analysis of LC-MS/MS, silver-stained SDS-PAGE and Western blot against anti-ANT1 antibody respectively, illustrated the interaction of ANT1 with α-synuclein using the expressed α-synuclein as a bite. Additionally, a significant increasing ROSs was detected in the MPP+-treated cells. Conclusions This study indicated that ANT1 was a potentially causative factor of PD, and led to neuropathogenic injury via promoting the formation of protein aggregates with α-synuclein. This investigation potentially promotes an innovative understanding of ANT1 on the etiology of PD and provides valuable information on developing potential drug targets in PD treatment or reliable biomarkers in PD prognostication.

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The Phenomenology of Parkinson's Disease

Cited by 32 publications

References 94 publications

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rate control deficits during pinch grip and ankle dorsiflexion in early-stage Parkinson’s disease

ADP/ATP translocase 1 protects against an α-synuclein-associated neuronal cell damage in Parkinson’s disease model

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