The phenomenology of shame and guilt: An empirical investigation

Gilbert, Paul; Pehl, J.; Allan, Steven

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1994.tb01768.x

Cited by 162 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Mengingat bahwa konstruk malu secara umum yang dikembangkan di Barat dilabeli sebagai biang gangguan psikopatologi, termasuk kecemasan dan depresi (Andrews, Qian, & Valentine, 2002;Gilbert, Pehl, & Allan, 1994) sehingga tidak sepenuhnya sesuai bagi budaya Asia. Beberapa studi pendahuluan telah dilakukan di Asia seperti China (Bedford & Hwang, 2003), Korea (You, 1997) dan Indonesia (Collins & bahar, 2009;Chairani, Wahyuni, & Priyadi, 2015) telah menunjukkan bahwa malu secara general memiliki model yang berbeda karena perbedaan budaya individualistik dan kolektif.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Body Shame dan Gangguan Makan Kajian Meta-Analisis

Chairani

2018

buletinpsikologi

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The number of person with eating disorders are increasing almost all over the world. The exact cause of eating disorder is difficult to determine. Feeling of shame caused by negative judgments on one's body has positive correlation to the emergence of pathological eating behavior. Furthermore the position of body shame as a variable in research on eating disorders is still inconsistent in some studies, consequently it is placed as a mediating variable to self-objectification. This study attempted to see whether there is a direct correlation between body shame and eating disorders using meta-analysis procedure. The analysis of sampling error and measurement error made on 34 studies from 21 articles. The result of the analysis showed that body shame and eating disorder are strongly correlated (r=0.547) with α = 0.05.

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Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Body Shame dan Gangguan Makan Kajian Meta-Analisis

Chairani

2018

buletinpsikologi

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“…Several items loaded on more than one factor or did not significantly load on any of the factors, sustaining the use of the OAS as a global measure of external shame, with a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .92). Regarding convergent validity, the OAS was found to be significantly associated with other shame measures, showing high correlations with shame trait measures, such as the ISS (r = .81), and moderate correlations with state shame measures, such as the Dimensions of Conscience Questionnaire (r = .34; Johnson et al, 1987) and the Adapted Dimensions of Conscience Questionnaire (r = .37 to .46; ADCQ, Gilbert, Pehl, & Allan, 1994 Gilbert, Pehl, & Allan, 1994), and other clinically significant difficulties (e.g., severe depression r = .47, anxiety r = .33, somatic complaints r = .18, social dysfunctioning r = .35, assessed by the General Health Questionnaire;Goldberg & Hillier, 1979).…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Other As Shamer Scale – 2: Development and validation of a short version of a measure of external shame

Matos

Pinto‐Gouveia

Gilbert

et al. 2015

Personality and Individual Differences

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External shame arises from the perception of negative judgements about the self in the mind of others and is currently measured by Other As Shamer Scale (OAS). This scale has been used in numerous studies. This study sought to develop a valid and reliable shorter form of the scale, called OAS2, in an adult sample of 690 participants, using experts' item ratings and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The OAS2 consisted of 8 items, which replicated the unidimensional structure of the OAS (Matos et al., 2011) and revealed a good fit. The OAS2 had good internal consistency (.82), similar to the longer version. The OAS2 has good concurrent and divergent validity, being highly correlated with the OAS (r = .91). The OAS and OAS2 have very similar significant correlations with measures of internal shame, psychopathology and anger, with no significant difference between them. Our results, suggest that the OAS2 is an economic, valid and reliable measure of external shame. Keywords: External shame; OAS; OAS2; Confirmatory factor analysis; Psychopathology Highlights• The OAS is a widely self-report instrument of external shame.• A short version of the OAS was developed based on expert ratings of the OAS items.• The 8-item OAS2 revealed a unidimensional structure and a good fit.• The OAS2 had good internal consistency, concurrent and divergent validities.• OAS2 is an economic, valid and reliable measure of external shame.

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“…For example, shame has been shown to play a role in depression (Andrews, 1995;Gilbert et al, 1994), social anxiety (Gilbert & Trower, 1990), alcoholism (Brown, 1991), hostility and narcissism Wurmser, 1987). In addition the experience of shame for many individuals with PTSD is being increasingly recognised Lee et al, in preparation;Lee et al, 2001).…”

Section: Shame and Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of shame and self‐critical thinking in the development and maintenance of current threat in post‐traumatic stress disorder

Harman¹,

Lee²

2009

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

118

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There is increasing recognition of emotions other than fear in post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and recent research has looked at the role of shame. Cognitive theory suggests that PTSD is caused by traumatic experiences being processed in a way that causes ongoing current threat. In this paper we suggest that shame might contribute to the creation/maintenance of ongoing current threat as it attacks an individual's psychological integrity. A correlational design was used to investigate some of the factors that might contribute to a shame response within a PTSD sample. It was hypothesized that individuals with PTSD who report higher levels of shame would be more prone to engage in self‐critical thinking and less prone to engage in self‐reassuring thinking than individuals with PTSD who report lower levels of shame. Data were gathered using self‐report questionnaires, and results supported the hypotheses. It is suggested therapy for shame‐based PTSD needs to incorporate strategies to help individuals develop inner caring, compassion and self‐reassurance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Some individuals with PTSD report high levels of shame.• High levels of shame are associated with high levels of self‐critical thinking and low levels of self‐reassuring thinking.• Therapy for shame‐based PTSD needs to incorporate strategies that help individuals develop inner caring, compassion and self‐reassurance.

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The phenomenology of shame and guilt: An empirical investigation

Cited by 162 publications

References 10 publications

Body Shame dan Gangguan Makan Kajian Meta-Analisis

Body Shame dan Gangguan Makan Kajian Meta-Analisis

The Other As Shamer Scale – 2: Development and validation of a short version of a measure of external shame

The role of shame and self‐critical thinking in the development and maintenance of current threat in post‐traumatic stress disorder

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