The phenotype of recovery IV: Delay discounting predicts perceived stress and a chance locus of control in individuals in recovery from substance use disorders

Tomlinson, Devin C; Tegge, Allison N.; Bickel, Warren K.

doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100320

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…We also observed a high number of non-discounters in both conditions. By model-based adjustment of run A trials, we were able to drastically reduce this number in experiment 2, an issue commonly reported in the delay discounting literature, whereby studies report various rates of non-systematic discounting behavior ranging from 7% up to 50% of the investigated samples ( 31 , 35 – 45 , 89 ). In addition, the adjustments led to higher behavioral variability within participants, rendering better conditions to validly infer model parameters in run A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, investigating the underlying neurobiological substrates by comparing differences between immediate and delayed choices may fall short of statistical power given highly unbalanced trial types and the high variability in discounting strength across individuals [e.g., (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32); for an overview see (21)]. At times, participants even have to be excluded from analyses due to not discounting at all [e.g., (31,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Model Guided Approach to Evoke Homogeneous Behavior During Temporal Reward and Loss Discounting

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe tendency to devaluate future options as a function of time, known as delay discounting, is associated with various factors such as psychiatric illness and personality. Under identical experimental conditions, individuals may therefore strongly differ in the degree to which they discount future options. In delay discounting tasks, this inter-individual variability inevitably results in an unequal number of discounted trials per subject, generating difficulties in linking delay discounting to psychophysiological and neural correlates. Many studies have therefore focused on assessing delay discounting adaptively. Here, we extend these approaches by developing an adaptive paradigm which aims at inducing more comparable and homogeneous discounting frequencies across participants on a dimensional scale.MethodThe proposed approach probabilistically links a (common) discounting function to behavior to obtain a probabilistic model, and then exploits the model to obtain a formal condition which defines how to construe experimental trials so as to induce any desired discounting probability. We first infer subject-level models on behavior on a non-adaptive delay discounting task and then use these models to generate adaptive trials designed to evoke graded relative discounting frequencies of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 in each participant. We further compare and evaluate common models in the field through out-of-sample prediction error estimates, to iteratively improve the trial-generating model and paradigm.ResultsThe developed paradigm successfully increases discounting behavior during both reward and loss discounting. Moreover, it evokes graded relative choice frequencies in line with model-based expectations (i.e., 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) suggesting that we can successfully homogenize behavior. Our model comparison analyses indicate that hyperboloid models are superior in predicting unseen discounting behavior to more conventional hyperbolic and exponential models. We report out-of-sample error estimates as well as commonalities and differences between reward and loss discounting, demonstrating for instance lower discounting rates, as well as differences in delay perception in loss discounting.ConclusionThe present work proposes a model-based framework to evoke graded responses linked to cognitive function at a single subject level. Such a framework may be used in the future to measure cognitive functions on a dimensional rather than dichotomous scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Guided Approach to Evoke Homogeneous Behavior During Temporal Reward and Loss Discounting

et al. 2022

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“…In contrast to the mixed findings on sleep, a positive correlation between stress and DD rates has been established and observed in the addiction recovery population [41][42][43][44]. Moreover, imagining stressful events significantly increased DD rates in individuals with alcohol use disorder [45], suggesting a direct causal relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The phenotype of recovery XI: associations of sleep quality and perceived stress with discounting and quality of life in substance use recovery

Yeh,

Zheng,

Tegge

et al. 2024

Qual Life Res

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Purpose Sleep and stress show an interdependent relationship in physiology, and both are known risk factors for relapse in substance use disorder (SUD) recovery. However, sleep and stress are often investigated independently in addiction research. In this exploratory study, the associations of sleep quality and perceived stress with delay discounting (DD), effort discounting (ED), and quality of life (QOL) were examined concomitantly to determine their role in addiction recovery. DD has been proposed as a prognostic indicator of SUD treatment response, ED is hypothesized to be relevant to the effort to overcome addiction, and QOL is an important component in addiction recovery. Method An online sample of 118 individuals recovering from SUDs was collected through the International Quit and Recovery Registry. Exhaustive model selection, using the Bayesian Information Criterion to determine the optimal multiple linear model, was conducted to identify variables (i.e., sleep quality, perceived stress, and demographics) contributing to the total variance in DD, ED, and QOL. Results After model selection, sleep was found to be significantly associated with DD. Stress was found to be significantly associated with psychological health, social relationships, and environment QOL. Both sleep and stress were found to be significantly associated with physical health QOL. Neither sleep nor stress was supported as an explanatory variable of ED. Conclusion Together, these findings suggest sleep and stress contribute uniquely to the process of addiction recovery. Considering both factors when designing interventions and planning for future research is recommended.

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“…Similar to risk of relapse, delay discounting is associated with individual characteristics and demographic variables including age (Steinberg et al, 2009), education (Jaroni et al, 2004), polysubstance use (Moody et al, 2016), family history of substance misuse (Athamneh et al, 2017a; VanderBroek et al, 2015), abstinence self‐efficacy (Athamneh et al, 2019), intention to quit (Athamneh et al, 2017b), and depression scores (García‐Pérez et al, 2020; Imhoff et al, 2014). Longer time in recovery is associated with lower rates of discounting (Athamneh et al, 2019; Tomlinson et al, 2020). Previous longitudinal studies examining the association between DD and relapse risk over follow‐up intervals of a year or more (MacKillop & Kahler, 2009; Sheffer et al, 2012; Washio et al, 2011; Yoon et al, 2007) indicated that impulsivity measures were related to relapse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phenotype of recovery V: Does delay discounting predict the perceived risk of relapse among individuals in recovery from alcohol and drug use disorders

Turner

Basso

Bickel

2021

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Substance use recovery is a dynamic process. Relapse, often part of the recovery process, is a persistent problem for individuals seeking freedom from their harmful substance use and has become a focus of research on the improvement of recovery outcomes. Delay discounting is associated with substance use disorder severity, both its negative outcomes and the propensity to relapse. However, the association between delay discounting and perceived risk of relapse as measured by the Alcohol Warning of Relapse Questionnaire has not previously been examined in a population of individuals in long‐term recovery from substance misuse. Methods In this study, using data collected from the International Quit and Recovery Registry, we investigated the association between delay discounting, self‐reported time in recovery, and perceived risk of relapse. Data from 193 individuals self‐reporting to be in recovery from harmful substance use were included in the study. Results Delay discounting rates were significantly negatively associated with length of recovery (p = 0.036) and positively with perceived risk of relapse (p = 0.027) even after controlling for age, gender, education, marital status, ethnicity, race, primary substance, and length in the registry. Moreover, a mediation analysis using Hayes’ methods revealed that the association between the length of recovery and perceived relapse risk was partially mediated by delay discounting, accounting for 21.2% of the effect. Conclusions Our finding supports previous characterizations of delay discounting as a candidate behavioral marker of substance misuse and may help to identify individuals at higher perceived risk of relapse in an extended recovery population.

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The phenotype of recovery IV: Delay discounting predicts perceived stress and a chance locus of control in individuals in recovery from substance use disorders

Abstract: Highlights Delay discounting associated with perceived stress. Delay discounting associated beliefs about chance locus of control. Delay discounting mediates relationship of perceived stress and length of recovery. Delay discounting mediates relationship of perceived stress and age.

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

A Model Guided Approach to Evoke Homogeneous Behavior During Temporal Reward and Loss Discounting

A Model Guided Approach to Evoke Homogeneous Behavior During Temporal Reward and Loss Discounting

The phenotype of recovery XI: associations of sleep quality and perceived stress with discounting and quality of life in substance use recovery

The phenotype of recovery V: Does delay discounting predict the perceived risk of relapse among individuals in recovery from alcohol and drug use disorders

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