The pheromones and pheromone genes of new stocks of the Euplotes octocarinatus species complex

Brünen-Nieweier, Claudia; Weiligmann, J. Christoph; Hansen, Birgit Sehested; Kuhlmann, Hans-Werner; Möllenbeck, Matthias; Heckmann, Klaus

doi:10.1016/s0932-4739(98)80022-9

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As is the case in pheromone genes of other species of Euplotes [14,26,27], these functions are presumably correlated with the inclusion of intron sequences the splicing of which results in the expression of new ORF's and the synthesis of new and functionally diversified pheromone isoforms. This possibility is supported by the common conservation in the 5' regions of, (i) multiple ATG start codons, (ii) A + T rich sequences, and (iii) consensus donor GT (5') and acceptor AG (3') splice-site junctions [28,29].…”

Section: Nucleotide Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of them were obtained by a PCR strategy based on: (i) the knowledge of the sequence of the pheromone gene en-ant6 that, as reported elsewhere [13], was cloned earlier using a genetic approach developed in relation to the structural characterization of the pheromone En-6 specified by this gene [10]; (ii) the assumption that the sequences of the E. nobilii pheromone genes, like those of the E. octocarinatus pheromone genes [14,15] equivalent to the sub-telomeric sequences of the known pheromone gene en-ant6.…”

Section: Pheromone Gene Identification and Cloningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the pheromone gene family of an Antarctic and Arctic protozoan ciliate, Euplotes nobilii

Vallesi¹,

Alimenti²,

Terza³

et al. 2009

Marine Genomics

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Allelic genes encoding water-borne signal proteins (pheromones) were amplified and sequenced from the somatic (macronuclear) sub-chromosomic genome of Antarctic and Arctic strains of the marine ciliate, Euplotes nobilii. Their open reading frames appeared to be specific for polypeptide sequences of 83 to 94 amino acids identifiable with cytoplasmic pheromone precursors (pre-pro-pheromones), requiring two proteolytic steps to remove the pre-and pro-segments and secrete the mature pheromones. Differently from most of the macronuclear genes that have so far been characterized from Euplotes and other hypotrich ciliates, the 5' and 3' non-coding regions of all the seven E. nobilii pheromone genes are much longer than the coding regions (621 to 700 versus 214 to 285 nucleotides), and the 5' regions in particular show nearly identical sequences across the whole set of pheromone genes. These structural peculiarities of the non-coding regions are likely due to the presence of intron sequences and provide presumptive evidence that they are site of basic, conserved activities in the mechanism that regulates the expression of the E. nobilii pheromone genes. AbstractAllelic genes encoding water-borne signal proteins (pheromones) were amplified and sequenced from the somatic (macronuclear) sub-chromosomic genome of Antarctic and Arctic strains of the marine ciliate, Euplotes nobilii. Their open reading frames appeared to be specific for polypeptide sequences of 83 to 94 amino acids identifiable with cytoplasmic pheromone precursors (pre-propheromones), requiring two proteolytic steps to remove the pre-and pro-segments and secrete the mature pheromones. Differently from most of the macronuclear genes that have so far been characterized from Euplotes and other hypotrich ciliates, the 5' and 3' non-coding regions of all the seven E. nobilii pheromone genes are much longer than the coding regions (621 to 700 versus 214 to 285 nucleotides), and the 5' regions in particular show nearly identical sequences across the whole set of pheromone genes. These structural peculiarities of the non-coding regions are likely due to the presence of intron sequences and provide presumptive evidence that they are site of basic, conserved activities in the mechanism that regulates the expression of the E. nobilii pheromone genes.3

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Section: Nucleotide Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pheromone Gene Identification and Cloningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the pheromone gene family of an Antarctic and Arctic protozoan ciliate, Euplotes nobilii

Vallesi¹,

Alimenti²,

Terza³

et al. 2009

Marine Genomics

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show abstract

“…All this strongly implies that, in addition to being functionally fundamental for the regulation of transcription, the 5′ region is itself a site of coding activity, possibly induced by mechanisms of alternative intron splicing and/or frame shifting. The former mechanism has already been described to take place in pheromone genes of other Euplotes species (Miceli et al, 1992;Brünen-Nieveler et al, 1998;Di Giuseppe et al, 2002), and frame-shifting appears to be a relatively common feature of Euplotes gene expression (Klobutcher and Farabaugh, 2002;Klobutcher, 2005;Vallesi et al, 2010). Additional observations on the mechanism of pheromone gene expression indicate that each E. nobilii pheromone gene synthesizes multiple mRNA's two of which would be compatible with the alternative removal of an intron sequence from the 5′ non-coding region (unpublished results).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Coding genes and molecular structures of the diffusible signalling proteins (pheromones) of the polar ciliate, Euplotes nobilii

et al. 2012

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“…Introns are a typical feature of the pheromone gene organization in E. raikovi (Miceli et al 1992) as well as E. octocarinatus (Brünen‐Nieweler, Schmidt, and Heckmann 1991; Brünen‐Nieweler et al 1998; Mollenbeck and Heckmann 1999). The presence of the intron of 357 nucleotides in the Er‐23 gene structure was first supported by the finding that total RNA preparations, obtained from the same cells as those used for the purification of E r ‐23, generate two bands of about 470 and 800 nucleotides in Northern blot analysis with the Er‐23 cDNA clone used as probe (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Structurally Deviant Member of the Euplotes raikovi Pheromone Family: Er‐23

Giuseppe

Miceli²,

Zahn³

et al. 2002

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Pheromones of Euplotes raikovi form a homologous family of proteins with 37- to 40-amino acid residues, including six cysteines that form three strictly conserved disulfide bridges. The determination of the primary structure of the pheromone Er-23, which was isolated from cells derived from natural populations of E. raikovi that secrete the other known pheromones, has now revealed a novel structure type. The polypeptide chain of this pheromone contains 51 residues, 10 of which are cysteines presumably involved in the formation of five disulfide bridges, and lacks a carboxyl-terminal tail following the last cysteine of the sequence. The elongation of the Er-23 molecule is presumed to result from multiple events of gene duplication starting from an ancestral motif Xxx(2-4)-Cys-Xxx(5-7)-Cys.

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The pheromones and pheromone genes of new stocks of the Euplotes octocarinatus species complex

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Characterization of the pheromone gene family of an Antarctic and Arctic protozoan ciliate, Euplotes nobilii

Characterization of the pheromone gene family of an Antarctic and Arctic protozoan ciliate, Euplotes nobilii

Coding genes and molecular structures of the diffusible signalling proteins (pheromones) of the polar ciliate, Euplotes nobilii

A Structurally Deviant Member of the Euplotes raikovi Pheromone Family: Er‐23

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