The Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 modulates cytokine expression in macrophages via p50 nuclear factor kappa B inhibition, in a PI3K-independent mechanism

Wip1 knockout inhibits the proliferation and enhances the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

“…In particular, high concentrations of Rac1 at the leading edge of motile cells facilitate the formation of membrane ruffles/pseudopodia [42,43].The role of increased Rac1-GTP levels in the detected migration advantage of Wip1 À / À MSCs was confirmed based on the effect of reduction of the Rac1-GTP levels to inhibit migration, which was also neutralized in the presence of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. LY294002 blocks the activity of PI3K and results in the inhibition of AKT activity [44]. Our data showed that knocking out Wip1 induced AKT phosphorylation, and LY294002 also blocks the activity of Rac1-GTP.…”

Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) enhances IL-10 production through the activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and STAT3

“…Our previous work using the PI3K inhibitor, Ly294002, suggested that LMP2A utilizes PI3K to increase IL-10 production (Incrocci, McCormack, and Swanson-Mungerson, 2013). However, due to the identification that Ly294002 can also affect NF-kB activation (Avni, Glucksam, and Zor, 2012), we wanted to confirm our previous findings through the use of the more PI3K-specific inhibitor Wortmannin (Avni, Glucksam, and Zor, 2012). Therefore, LMP2A-expressing and non-expressing B cell lines were incubated in the absence or presence of Wortmannin for 24 hours and IL-10 levels were once again analyzed by ELISA.…”

Aloe-emodin from rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages

“…Thus, aloe-emodin may inhibit the LPS-induced NF-κB pathway activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 proteins. Finally, Akt promotes IKKα/ β phosphorylation, which in turn induces IκB kinase phosphorylation and degradation (Madrid et al, 2000;Avni et al, 2012). Similarly, PI3K/Akt can also induce p38 MAPK activation, which in turn initiates NF-κB activation (Kao et al, 2005;Manning and Cantley, 2007).…”