The phosphorus harvest from low-temperature mainstream wastewater through iron phosphate crystallization in a pilot-scale partial nitritation/anammox reactor

Post-Removal of Phosphorus from Biologically Treated Wastewater and Recovering It as Fertilizer. A Pilot-Scale Attempt—The Project PhoReSe

“…The pilot-plant successfully processed the secondary treated effluent from the WWTP "AINEIA" both in the adsorption process with an Empty Bed Velocity (EBV) 10 m/h, as well as in the desorption mode with an EBV 5-20 m/h (7 adsorption and 6 desorption cycles for the pilot-plant performed), where the continuous adsorption-desorption cycles with a loss of adsorption sites (and efficiency) of approximately 20% between the 1 st and the 2 nd cycle and 10% more loss between the subsequent adsorption cycles noticed. This capacity loss can be attributed to the strongly bound phosphates onto the iron oxy hydroxides' adsorption sites that cannot be easily desorbed during the subsequent treatment cycle [22,24,32,34]. More specifically, even though during the RSSCTs experiments, the desorption succeeded by applying the NaOH solution at the pH 12.5±0.2 achieved in approximately 3 h to complete the adsorbents' regeneration, permitting the reuse of adsorbent, for the pilot-plant operation the requirement of regeneration optimization process is reflected on the non-expected reduction of adsorption capacity during the subsequent operation cycles, as shown in Figure 5.…”

“…The sustainability aspect was the main target of PhoReSe project, aiming to engage phosphorus from the secondary treated wastewater effluent back into the phosphorus environmental cycle [32]. The promising results obtained from the laboratory-scale experiments led to the design, construction, and operation of a relevant pilot-plant, put in operation in the WWTP of AINEIA.…”

Differential Adsorption of Dissolved Organic Matter and Phosphorus on Clay Mineral in Water-Sediment System

“…In contrast, the extreme conditions for Fe x (PO 4 ) y crystalline phase formation maintained nanoparticles on Fe− Mt in an amorphous state. 38 Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the v 1 PO 4 vibrational peak at around 950 cm −1 on Fe−Mt surfaces, 39,40 providing additional support for amorphous Fe x (PO 4 ) y formation (Figure S17).…”

Post-Removal of Phosphorus from Biologically Treated Wastewater and Recovering It as Fertilizer: Pilot-Scale Attempt—Project PhoReSe

“…The sustainability aspect was the main target of the PhoReSe project, aiming to engage phosphorus from the secondary treated wastewater effluent back into the phosphorus environmental cycle [48]. The promising results obtained from the laboratory-scale experiments led to the design, construction, and operation of a relevant pilot plant, put in operation in the WWTP of AINEIA (see Supplementary Materials) [49].…”

“…The pilot-plant successfully processed the secondary treated effluent from the WWTP "AINEIA" both in the adsorption process with an Empty Bed Velocity (EBV) of 10 m/h, as well as in the desorption mode with an EBV of 5-20 m/h (seven adsorption and six desorption cycles for the pilot plant were performed), where continuous adsorption-desorption cycles with an approximately 20% loss of adsorption sites (and efficiency) between the first and second cycle and 10% more loss between the subsequent adsorption cycles were noticed. This capacity loss can be attributed to the phosphates strongly bound onto the iron oxy hydroxides' adsorption sites that could not be easily desorbed during the subsequent treatment cycle [31,38,42,48]. More specifically, even though during the RSSCTs experiments, the desorption succeeded by applying the NaOH solution at the pH of 12.5 ± 0.2 achieved in approximately 3 h to complete the adsorbents' regeneration, permitting the reuse of the adsorbent for the pilot-plant operation, the requirement of a regeneration optimization process was reflected in the non-expected reduction in the adsorption capacity during the subsequent operation cycles, as shown in Figure 5.…”