The photon interactions and build-up factor for gadolinium sodium borate glass: Theoretical and experimental approaches

Yonphan, S.; Limkitjaroenporn, P.; Borisut, P.; Kothan, S.; Wongdamnern, N.; Alhuthali, Abdullah; Sayyed, M.I.; Kaewkhao, J.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109561

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…When one of these conditions (for example, broad beam geometry) is violated, the law takes a modified form "I = BI 0 e −μx ." Here, B is the correction term called build up factor of photons (Yonphan et al 2021). There are two kinds of buildup factors-exposure and energy absorption buildup factor (EBF and EABF).…”

Section: Radiation Shielding Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three radiation interaction processes: PE, CS and PP occurring at low-, intermediate-and high-energy spectrum region, were responsible for the path followed by BF along photon energy spectrum. Photoelectric absorption of low-energy photons led to the removal of photons from incident beam, reducing the photon count which is the reason behind low photon buildup in the lower end of energy spectrum (Yonphan et al 2021). The abrupt peaks existing in this region correspond to K-shell edges of Te and Bi elements.…”

Section: Radiation Shielding Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive study on structural, optical, mechanical and radiation blocking nature of Eu3+-doped bismuth tellurite glasses

D’Souza,

Murari,

Sayyed

et al. 2024

Chem. Pap.

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A novel glass system B2O3–SiO2–Bi2O3–TeO2–BaO–ZnO doped with Eu2O3 (x = 0–4 mol%) is fabricated through melt-quench technique and coded as BiTeEu-x. Density and refractive index measurements done on the glasses resulted in the increase up to 5.4377 gcm−3 and 1.99, respectively, for 4 mol% addition of Eu2O3. Vickers micro-indentation measurements done on synthesized glasses gave increasing microhardness values with Eu3+ doping due to higher bond strength of Eu–O bond compared to Te–O bond. The Phy-X/PSD simulation software utilized for obtaining radiation shielding parameters produced highest range of mass attenuation coefficient (63.878–0.036 cm2/g) and lowest range of half-value layer (0.002–3.551 cm) for the same glass proving its superiority in radiation attenuating capacity. This article addresses the theoretical analysis of photon buildup occurring inside the fabricated glasses in 0.015–15 MeV energy range with respect to different penetration depths. Neutron shielding ability of BiTeEu-4 glass was found to be impressive with fast neutron removal cross section (FNR) value of 0.10362 cm−1.

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Section: Radiation Shielding Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiation Shielding Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive study on structural, optical, mechanical and radiation blocking nature of Eu3+-doped bismuth tellurite glasses

D’Souza,

Murari,

Sayyed

et al. 2024

Chem. Pap.

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“…, Law where B (E, x) is the buildup factor [9,21,26]. The photon buildup factor represents the amount of the secondary photons that are included in the total photon number at a specified point [9].…”

Section: Cr-39 Trivexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Photon Exposure and Energy Absorption Buildup Factors of CR-39 and Trivex Optical Lenses

Bilici

Külahçı

2022

Turkish Journal of Science and Technology

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In the present study, Energy Absorption Buildup Factor (EABF) and Exposure Buildup Factors (EBF) of the CR-39 and Trivex optical lenses are calculated by using the Geometric Progression (GP) fitting method based on ANSI/ANS-6.4.3 database. The study analyses comprehensively for different penetration depths within the energy range of 0.015 -15 MeV up to 40 mfp. The buildup factors are calculated in the examined materials depending on the photon energy that arrives, the penetration depths, and the chemical composition of the material reach at maximum values in the energy region where inconsistent scattering interaction probabilities are intensive. The results show that the CR-39 optical lens had better radiation shielding performance. The suitability of the results is compared with the powerful software tools (EPICS2017 and Phy-X/PSD), which are preferred frequently in the literature to calculate radiation shielding parameters. It is found that the relative changes between the EPICS2017 and Phy-X/PSD software compared with the results of this study are about 8% and 9% for the CR-39 and Trivex optical lens, respectively. This indicates that the results from the study are in good agreement.

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“…4 Zinc barium tellurite glass contains BaO, 5 zinc-borate-lithium glasses contain samarium, 6 and gadolinium sodium borate glass. 7 Antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) has been reported to be effective in radiation shielding. 8,9 However, radiation shielding materials, generally made of glass are heavy and inflexible, limiting their use to specific areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead‐free glass shielding materials generally consist of Soda‐Lime‐Silica (SLS), Bi 2 O 3 , ZnO, and BaO 4 . Zinc barium tellurite glass contains BaO, 5 zinc‐borate‐lithium glasses contain samarium, 6 and gadolinium sodium borate glass 7 . Antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) has been reported to be effective in radiation shielding 8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing effective gamma and X‐ray shielding materials: Thermoplastic natural rubber composites with antimony oxide

Tuljittraporn,

Yonphan,

Chaiphaksa

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) based on polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)/natural rubber (NR) has been prepared to develop flexible radiation shielding materials by adding antimony oxide (Sb2O3). TPNR composites were prepared with a composition of NR 40% and PBAT 60%, at various loading levels of antimony oxide. The properties of the resulting composites, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and specific gravity of TPNR composites, were investigated. Gamma‐ray shielding properties were measured under the exposure of gamma rays in the energy range of 0.223–0.662 MeV by Compton scattering technique. X‐ray shielding properties were measured with a high‐frequency digital radiography X‐ray machine at 70–120 kVp and 40 mAs. The results show that the gamma‐ray shielding properties, such as the values of mass attenuation coefficient (μm), effective atomic number (Zeff), and effective electron density (Neff) of materials, increased with increasing amounts of Sb2O3. Similar results were observed for X‐ray shielding properties. The half‐value layer (HVL) values of all samples decreased with increasing Sb2O3 content. The obtained results confirm that TPNR/Sb2O3 can be effectively used as an alternative flexible radiation shielding material.

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The photon interactions and build-up factor for gadolinium sodium borate glass: Theoretical and experimental approaches

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Comprehensive study on structural, optical, mechanical and radiation blocking nature of Eu3+-doped bismuth tellurite glasses

Comprehensive study on structural, optical, mechanical and radiation blocking nature of Eu3+-doped bismuth tellurite glasses

Comparison Photon Exposure and Energy Absorption Buildup Factors of CR-39 and Trivex Optical Lenses

Developing effective gamma and X‐ray shielding materials: Thermoplastic natural rubber composites with antimony oxide

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