The Photoregulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis

Mancinelli, Alberto L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68918-5_24

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Anthocyanins have been proposed to function as photoprotective pigments (Li et al, 1993) and they accumulate in plants in response to low temperatures (Mancinelli, 1983). To understand how this accumulation is regulated and to elucidate the role of these compounds in the CA process, we analyzed the cold-induced accumulation of PAL and CHS mRNAs, which encode key regulatory enzymes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since low-temperature induction of anthocyanin synthesis is modulated by light (Mancinelli, 1983;Rabino and Mancinelli, 1986), we analyzed whether the accumulation shown in Figure 1 was also light dependent. F x this purpose, 3-week-old Arabidopsis plants were dark adapted for 4 d and then transferred to 4°C in the dark.…”

Section: Temperature Exposure In a Light-dependent Mannermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, low temperature has been shown to induce the accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves and stems (Mancinelli, 1983), suggesting a putative role for these compounds as photoprotective pigments. To determine if the accumulation of the PALI mRNA by low temperature was linked to photosynthetic tissue, we analyzed the tissue specificity of GUS expression and its relationship with anthocyanin accumulation in three independent, transgenic Arabidopsis lines containing the PALI promoier-uidA gene fusion.…”

Section: The Expression Pattern Of Pal 1 Promoter In Response To Low mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) has been correlated with low-temperature sensitivity, since chilling-sensitive plants are not adversely affected by low temperature in the dark (Hodgson and Raison 1989). Anthocyanins, acting as light-screening pigments, are believed to accumulate in leaves and stems in response to low temperatures and changes in light intensity (Mancinelli, 1983). These pigments are phenylpropanoids and their synthesis is controlled in part by the key enzymes PAL and CHS, which are transcriptionally regulated (see Dangl, 1992, for refs.).…”

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Low Temperature Induces the Accumulation of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and Chalcone Synthase mRNAs of Arabidopsis thaliana in a Light-Dependent Manner

et al. 1995

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Anthocyanins, which accumulate in leaves and stems in response to low temperature and changes in light intensity, are synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway that is controlled by key enzymes that include phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS). In this work we demonstrate that PAL and CHS mRNAs accumulate in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (1.) Heynh. upon exposure to low temperature in a light-dependent manner. The regulation of the PALl gene expression by low temperature and light was examined by analyzing the expression of the P-glucuronidase (uidA) reporter gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing the uidA gene of Escherichia coli under the control of the PALl promoter. The results indicate that the accumulation of PAL 7 mRNA is transcriptionally regulated. Histochemical staining for P-glucuronidase activity showed that the PAL7 promoter i s preferentially activated in photosynthetically active cells, paralleling anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, we show that light may also be implicated in the regulation of the CHS gene in response to bacterial infiltration. Finally, using two fransparent testa Arabidopsis mutants that are unable to accumulate anthocyanins, we demonstrate that these pigments are not required for successful development of freezing tolerance in this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temperature Exposure In a Light-dependent Mannermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Expression Pattern Of Pal 1 Promoter In Response To Low mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Temperature Induces the Accumulation of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and Chalcone Synthase mRNAs of Arabidopsis thaliana in a Light-Dependent Manner

et al. 1995

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“…The extent of the response is a function of light quality, fluence rate, and exposure duration; action peaks have been found in the UV, BL,3 R, and FR spectral regions. The relative efficiencies of these regions vary significantly, depending on the species and experimental conditions (10,11).Anthocyanin production and other plant photomorphogenic responses to prolonged R and FR irradiations are mediated by phytochrome (10,11,16 acting or acting independently of one another (2,7,(19)(20)(21)24).The unknown nature of the UV-B-photoreceptor and cryptochrome and the fact that UV and BL excite not only these two photoreceptors, but also phytochrome, complicate studies on photoreceptor involvement and interaction in the mediation of responses to UV and BL (7,14). The selection of light treatments that can be used to discriminate the action of different photoreceptors is based on criteria ( 18,24) that take into account the differences between the known (phytochrome) and the inferred (cryptochrome and UV-B-photoreceptor) spectral properties of the photoreceptors.…”

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Cryptochrome, Phytochrome, and Anthocyanin Production

Mancinelli

Rossi²,

Moroni³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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Anthocyanin production in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings exposed to prolonged irradiations was studied under conditions that allowed discrimination, within certain limits, between the contribution of cryptochrome and phytochrome in the photoregulation of the response. The results of the study provide confirming evidence for the involvement of cryptochrome and direct evidence for a significant contribution of cryptochrome to the fluence rate dependence of the response to blue. The results provide some preliminary, direct indication for an interaction between cryptochrome and phytochrome in the photoregulation of anthocyanin production in seedlings exposed to the prolonged irradiations required for a high level of expression of the response. The type and degree of interaction between the two photoreceptors vary significantly, depending on the species and experimental conditions. Light-dependent anthocyanin production requires prolonged exposures to relatively high fluence rates of visible and near-visible radiation for a high level of response expression (10, 11). The extent of the response is a function of light quality, fluence rate, and exposure duration; action peaks have been found in the UV, BL,3 R, and FR spectral regions. The relative efficiencies of these regions vary significantly, depending on the species and experimental conditions (10,11).Anthocyanin production and other plant photomorphogenic responses to prolonged R and FR irradiations are mediated by phytochrome (10,11,16 acting or acting independently of one another (2,7,(19)(20)(21)24).The unknown nature of the UV-B-photoreceptor and cryptochrome and the fact that UV and BL excite not only these two photoreceptors, but also phytochrome, complicate studies on photoreceptor involvement and interaction in the mediation of responses to UV and BL (7,14). The selection of light treatments that can be used to discriminate the action of different photoreceptors is based on criteria ( 18,24) that take into account the differences between the known (phytochrome) and the inferred (cryptochrome and UV-B-photoreceptor) spectral properties of the photoreceptors.Both cryptochrome and phytochrome are involved in the photoregulation of anthocyanin production in young seedlings of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) exposed to prolonged irradiations. Phytochrome involvement has been known for a long time (10, 11). Evidence for cryptochrome involvement (25) was obtained recently: BL was found to be significantly more effective than RF (a mixture of R and FR containing no BL) under conditions in which BL and RF maintained the same state of phytochrome in terms of P, k, and H ((PBL = (PRF, kBL = kRF, and HBL = HRF). Since RF excites phytochrome, but not cryptochrome, and BL excites both photoreceptors, the differences in anthocyanin production between BL and RF treatments that maintain the same state of phytochrome can be reasonably attributed to an involvement of crypt...

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