The photosensitizer-based therapies enhance the repairing of skin wounds

Ning, Xiaoying; He, Gang; Zeng, Weihui; Xia, Yumin

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.915548

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Therefore, the identification of an effective mastitis treatment that does not promote the selection of drug-resistant populations is extremely necessary. Photodynamic therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the treatment of microbial diseases in humans [ 15 , 16 ]. However, limited research has explored its application in bovine mastitis pathogens and drug-resistant bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Low-Level Benzalkonium Chloride Exposure on Staphylococcus spp. Strains and Control by Photoinactivation

Bonsaglia,

Calvo,

Sordelli

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Exposure of bacteria to low concentrations of biocides can facilitate horizontal gene transfer, which may lead to bacterial adaptive responses and resistance to antimicrobial agents. The emergence of antibacterial resistance not only poses a significant concern to the dairy industry but also adds to the complexity and cost of mastitis treatment. This study was aimed to evaluate how selective stress induced by benzalkonium chloride (BC) promotes antibiotic non-susceptibility in Staphylococcus spp. In addition, we investigated the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) in both resistant and susceptible strains. The study determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BC using the broth microdilution method for different Staphylococcus strains. The experiments involved pairing strains carrying the qacA/qacC resistance genes with susceptible strains and exposing them to subinhibitory concentrations of BC for 72 h. The recovered isolates were tested for MIC BC and subjected to disc diffusion tests to assess changes in susceptibility patterns. The results demonstrated that subinhibitory concentrations of BC could select strains with reduced susceptibility and antibiotic resistance, particularly in the presence of S. pasteuri. The results of PDI mediated by toluidine blue (100 µM) followed by 60 min irradiation (total light dose of 2.5 J/cm2) were highly effective, showing complete inactivation for some bacterial strains and a reduction of up to 5 logs in others.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Low-Level Benzalkonium Chloride Exposure on Staphylococcus spp. Strains and Control by Photoinactivation

Bonsaglia,

Calvo,

Sordelli

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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“…Some studies have also explored applications in treating infected wounds, especially those associated with MDR bacteria. The results suggest that antibacterial PDT can be beneficial in promoting wound healing and controlling bacterial growth [144,145]. In the field of periodontal diseases, clinical trials have shown promising results for treating chronic periodontitis, a common bacterial infection that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth [146][147][148][149].…”

Section: Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Antibacterial Oxidative Therapies: Available Methods to Generate ROS and a Novel Option Proposal

Alfei,

Schito,

Schito

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The increasing emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens causes difficult-to-treat infections, with long-term hospitalizations and high incidence of death, thus representing a global public health problem. To manage MDR bacteria bugs, new antimicrobial strategies are necessary, and their introduction in practice is a daily challenge for scientists in the field. An extensively studied approach to treat MDR infections consists in inducing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by several methods. Although further clinical investigations are mandatory on the possible toxic effects of ROS to mammalian cells, clinical evaluations are extremely promising, and their topical use to treat infected wounds and ulcers, also in presence of biofilm, is already clinically approved. Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis of different vegetable and animal biomass feedstocks, at 200−1000 °C in limited presence of O2. Recently, it has been demonstrated that BC capability of removing organic and inorganic xenobiotics is mainly due to the presence of persistent free radicals (PFRs), which can activate oxygen, H2O2 or persulfate in the presence or not of transition metals by electron transfer thus generating ROS, which in turn degrade pollutants by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this context, the antibacterial effects of BC containing PFRs have been demonstrated by some authors against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, thus giving birth to our idea of the possible use of BC-derived PFRs as a novel method capable of inducing ROS generation for antimicrobial oxidative therapy. Here, the general aspects concerning ROS physiological and pathological production and regulation, and the mechanism by which they could exert antimicrobial effects have been reviewed. The methods currently adopted to induce ROS production for antimicrobial oxidative therapy have been discussed. Finally, for the first time, BC-related PFRs have been proposed as a new source of ROS for antimicrobial therapy via AOPs.

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“…Visible light can also be applied in the form of photodynamic therapy (PDT) [ 33 ]. PDT employs a combination of non-toxic dyes (called photosensitizers) combined with visible light for the subsequent formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), intending to eliminate microorganisms, cancer cells, and unwanted tissues [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, erosions, infection, and sterile pustules are possible adverse effects, although they are rare. In the long term, pigment changes and scarring can occur [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The knowledge about the actions of blue light (BL) on wound healing has been quite controversial [ 35 ]. Studies have shown that BL, under certain wavelength ranges and light exposure conditions, can be toxic to several cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, retinal epithelial cells, and skin-derived endothelial cells [ 33 ]. Moreover, the penetration depth of BL is low in the skin tissue (about 1 mm) compared with red light (RL; 4–5 mm) or infrared light (5 mm), a factor that could decrease its effectiveness [ 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photobiomodulation with Blue Light on Wound Healing: A Scoping Review

Prado

Zanchetta

Barbieri

et al. 2023

Life

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Background: Photobiomodulation consists of inducing healing by irradiating light. This scoping review investigates the effect of blue light on the healing process. Methods: The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched. Two reviewers independently examined the search results and extracted data from the included studies. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Twenty-two articles were included. Studies were categorized as in vitro/mixed, preclinical, and clinical. The power density used was 10–680 mW/cm2 in most of the in vitro/preclinical studies, the irradiation time ranged from 5 s to 10 min, and different wavelengths and energy densities were used. In clinical studies, the wavelength ranged from 405 to 470 nm, and the energy density varied from 1.5 to 30 J/cm2. Conclusions: A low energy density (<20 J/cm2) was able to stimulate the different cell types and proteins involved in healing, while a high energy density, 20.6–50 J/cm2, significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. There is a great variety of device parameters among studies, and this makes it difficult to conclude what the best technical specifications are. Thus, further studies should be performed in order to define the appropriate parameters of light to be used.

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The photosensitizer-based therapies enhance the repairing of skin wounds

Cited by 13 publications

References 124 publications

The Impact of Low-Level Benzalkonium Chloride Exposure on Staphylococcus spp. Strains and Control by Photoinactivation

The Impact of Low-Level Benzalkonium Chloride Exposure on Staphylococcus spp. Strains and Control by Photoinactivation

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Antibacterial Oxidative Therapies: Available Methods to Generate ROS and a Novel Option Proposal

Photobiomodulation with Blue Light on Wound Healing: A Scoping Review

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