The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure

Kroenke, Kurt; Spitzer, Robert L.

doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06

Cited by 14,175 publications

(18,215 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The PHQ-9 (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001) assesses symptoms of depression and includes nine items. Respondents rate how much each symptom has been bothering them during the last two weeks using a 4-point scale from 0 ‘not at all’ to 3 ‘almost every day’.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pilot study of user satisfaction and perceived helpfulness of the Swedish version of the mobile app PTSD Coach

Cernvall

Sveen

Johannesson

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: There is a need for accessible interventions in the aftermath of traumatic events with documented efficacy for preventing or reducing negative mental health consequences. The PTSD Coach is a mobile app that has shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTSS). Objective: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the user satisfaction, perceived helpfulness and potential reductions of PTSS and symptoms of depression among participants using the Swedish version of the PTSD Coach. Method: This was an uncontrolled pre-test post-test open trial including participants recruited from the community via advertisement and from an ongoing observational study who had experienced a potentially traumatic event in the last five years. Participants had access to the Swedish PTSD Coach app for four weeks. Results: Eleven participants (mean age = 38.6, female = 8) completed the study. Nine of the participants met criteria for full or partial PTSD. Results from the PTSD Coach Survey indicated that participants found the app slightly to moderately helpful and were slightly to moderately satisfied with the app. Nominal but not statistically significant reductions of medium effect sizes in PTSS (PCL-5) and depression (PHQ-9) from pre- to post-assessment were found. In interviews, participants indicated that they found elements such as learning about PTSD, breathing exercises and monitoring symptoms helpful in managing symptoms. However, several participants indicated that they had not used the app as much as they had intended to. Participants also had suggestions for improvements such as enhanced app structure and better guidance regarding how to use the app. Conclusions: The perceived helpfulness and user satisfaction were slightly lower compared to research on the original version of the app. Experiences from the study are discussed and a future controlled study of the Swedish version of the PTSD Coach is suggested.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respondents rate how much each symptom has been bothering them during the last two weeks using a 4-point scale from 0 ‘not at all’ to 3 ‘almost every day’. The instrument has shown good psychometric properties and adequate validity as a measure of symptoms of depression (Gilbody, Richards, Brealey, & Hewitt, 2007; Kroenke et al, 2001). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of user satisfaction and perceived helpfulness of the Swedish version of the mobile app PTSD Coach

Cernvall

Sveen

Johannesson

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Correcting for the PCL-M no-symptom baseline of 17 indicated a greater than 50% decrease in symptoms and 16 of the 20 completers no longer met PCL-M criteria for PTSD at post treatment. Mean Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988) scores significantly decreased 33% from 18.6 ( SD = 9.5) to 11.9 ( SD = 13.6), ( t = 3.37, df = 19, p < .003) and mean PHQ-9 (Kroneke and Spitzer, 2002) depression scores decreased 49% from 13.3 ( SD = 5.4) to 7.1 ( SD = 6.7), ( t = 3.68, df = 19, p < .002). Positive results from uncontrolled open trials are difficult to generalize from and one must be cautious not to make excessive claims based on these early results.…”

Section: Vret Research Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Virtual Reality tools to advance the prevention, assessment, and treatment of PTSD

Rizzo

Shilling

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

152

107

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Numerous reports indicate that the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) military personnel has created a significant behavioural healthcare challenge. These findings have served to motivate research on how to better develop and disseminate evidence-based treatments for PTSD. The current article presents the use of Virtual Reality (VR) as a clinical tool to address the assessment, prevention, and treatment of PTSD, based on the VR projects that were evolved at the University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies since 2004. A brief discussion of the definition and rationale for the clinical use of VR is followed by a description of a VR application designed for the delivery of prolonged exposure (PE) for treating Service Members (SMs) and Veterans with combat- and sexual assault-related PTSD. The expansion of the virtual treatment simulations of Iraq and Afghanistan for PTSD assessment and prevention is then presented. This is followed by a forward-looking discussion that details early efforts to develop virtual human agent systems that serve the role of virtual patients for training the next generation of clinical providers, as healthcare guides that can be used to support anonymous access to trauma-relevant behavioural healthcare information, and as clinical interviewers capable of automated behaviour analysis of users to infer psychological state. The paper will conclude with a discussion of VR as a tool for breaking down barriers to care in addition to its direct application in assessment and intervention.

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“…(Internal consistency for this sample: .93.) (b) Patient Health Questionnaire -9 (PHQ-9; Kroenke, Spitzer & Williams, 2001) is a 9-item self-report measure evaluating the DSM-IV criteria for depression on a 4-point anchored scale (from 0: "not at all" to 3: "nearly every day"); evidence for good reliability and validity have been reported for PHQ-9 scores. (Internal consistency for this sample: .87.…”

Section: (3) Portugal Outpatient Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometrics of the Personal Questionnaire: A client-generated outcome measure.

Elliott¹,

Wagner²,

Sales³

et al. 2016

Psychological Assessment

118

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The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure

Cited by 14,175 publications

References 29 publications

A pilot study of user satisfaction and perceived helpfulness of the Swedish version of the mobile app PTSD Coach

A pilot study of user satisfaction and perceived helpfulness of the Swedish version of the mobile app PTSD Coach

Clinical Virtual Reality tools to advance the prevention, assessment, and treatment of PTSD

Psychometrics of the Personal Questionnaire: A client-generated outcome measure.

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