The Phragmites communis Trin. chromosome complement in the Danube Delta

Raicu, P.; Staicu, Stefania; Stoian, Veronica; Roman, T.

doi:10.1007/bf00047596

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…These differences might be both environmentally (Clevering 1998b) and genetically (this study) determined. The large size of the Romanian octoploid seeds and seedlings is probably related to the increased cell and organ sizes in octoploids in the Danube Delta (Raicu et al 1972). Larger seed size on the waterward side of populations may be adaptive, as has been found in annual species (Linhart 1974;Fenster 1997).…”

Section: Seed Size and Maternal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Between- and within-population differences in Phragmites australis

Clevering¹

1999

Oecologia

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Phragmites australis (common reed) is a dominant clonal species in the interface between land and water in many European wetlands. Along the land-water gradient, strong consistently different selective forces might operate to give rise to genetic substructuring. I have investigated the occurrence of genetic substructuring in European P. australis populations. The present paper examines whether seedlings, from seeds collected at both ends of the land-water gradient, showed differences in response to nutrient supply. Under controlled conditions, the relative growth rate (RGR) in the exponential growth phase, and growth characters of 10-week old seedlings were assessed. Among populations, no differences in response to nutrient supply were found. Although total dry weight was not related to the geographic origin of the populations, northern/western compared to southern/eastern European populations (1) formed more but shorter shoots, (2) formed thinner but longer rhizomes, and (3) invested more dry matter in leaves at the expense of stems. It was concluded that these trait differences are likely to originate from differences in the length of the growing season in the native habitat. Within populations, 'water-side' seedlings had a higher RGR under sub-optimal while for 'land-side' seedlings this was under optimal nutrient conditions. Ten-week-old 'water-side' seedlings had a higher total dry weight than 'land-side' ones, irrespective of nutrient loading. Differences in growth could not clearly be related to differences in single biomass allocation and morphological traits. A discriminant analysis on these traits, however, revealed that 'water-side' seedlings showed higher plasticity in discriminant scores than 'land-side' seedlings in response to nutrient supply. Discriminant scores also pointed towards a subtle trade-off between height versus expansion growth of seedlings, from the water to landward side. In the Romanian population, this could be related to morphological differences between ploidy levels. Overall, it was concluded that within populations, selection on growth form rather than on adaptations to the nutrient status of the habitat might have taken place.

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Section: Seed Size and Maternal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Between- and within-population differences in Phragmites australis

Clevering¹

1999

Oecologia

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“…The populations of P. australis in northern Canada tend to have lower chromosome numbers than in the south (Gervais et al 1993). Björk (1967) reported tetraploid and hexaploid specimens from Sweden, and Raicu et al (1972) reported octoploid (2n = 96) giant reed stands, with shoots over 6 m tall, from the Danube Delta. An aneuploid chromosome number (2n = 50) has also been reported from short reeds in saline habitats from the former Czechoslovakia (Pazourkova 1973).…”

Section: Description and Account Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 129. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.

Mal¹,

Narine²

2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

103

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-common reed, is a perennial, emergent aquatic plant with annual cane-like stems developed from an extensive rhizome system. It grows in low-lying wet areas such as fresh and salt-water marshes, drainage ditches, shallow lake edges, sandy banks, roadsides, woodlands and rocky places. Stems can reach up to 6.0 m in height, vary in diameter from 4 to10 mm and have 10 to 25 cm long hollow internodes. Clones are extended by perennial rhizomes with extensive aerenchymatous tissue that supplies oxygen. Roots develop from rhizomes and other submerged parts of shoots. Leaves are smooth, alternate with narrow-lanceolate laminae, 20 to 70 cm long and 1 to 5 cm broad, and tapering to long slender points. The inflorescence is a terminal panicle, often 30 cm long, dull purple to yellow, with main branches bearing many spikelets. Seed production and germination are extremely variable and comparatively rare in many populations. Phragmites australis carries out photosynthesis through the C 3 pathway (or a variation thereof). Studies of genetic variation through isozyme and other molecular methods suggest that the populations are very closely related, and that variation in the metapopulation is small. Chloroplast DNA sequences of two non-coding regions indicate that non-native introduced genotypes of P. australis have displaced native genotypes in parts of North America. Phragmites australis often forms extensive monocultures in North America. As a consequence, habitat quality and species diversity have been documented to decline. However, in roadside populations it is effective in taking up many typical heavy metals that originate from nearby highways and buildings. Phragmites australis is found in all Canadian provinces and the Northwest Territories, but not in the Yukon Territory or Nunavut. The infestation of P. australis is most severe in the Great Lakes region and its migration is primarily mediated through rivers, canals and waterways but roadways are increasingly becoming important. Changes in the water regime have been linked to its success and could ultimately result in changes to the floristic composition of a habitat. Rodeo™, an aqueous solution of the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate, is most frequently used to control P. australis populations. Other methods of control include cutting, burning, and drainage of the species' habitat. As P. australis is considered to be invasive in North America, introduction of biological control agents is now being investigated. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 365-396. Le roseau commun Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. est une vivace aquatique dont le vaste système de rhizomes donne chaque année des tiges ressemblant à des cannes. L'espèce pousse dans les dépressions humides comme les marais d'eau douce et salants, les fossés de drainage, la rive des lacs peu profonds, les berges sablonneuses, le bord des routes, les boisés et les endroits rocailleux. Les tiges atteignent parfois jusqu'à 6,0 m de hauteur et leur diamètre varie de 4 à 10 mm, avec de longues sections creuses de 10 à ...

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“…Although P. australis represents an allopolyploid complex (Raicu et al 1972), both native and introduced P. australis are likely tetraploid ). Due to this polyploidy, it is usually not possible to determine the allelic dosage in heterozygotes (e.g.…”

Section: Sampling and Dna Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remnant native Phragmites australis maintains genetic diversity despite multiple threats

Saltonstall

2011

Conserv Genet

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Over the past century, an increasing number of species have been negatively impacted by anthropogenic factors such as habitat disturbance and introduced species. One such plant, Phragmites australis subsp. americanus is a perennial emergent grass found in tidal and inland marshes of the Atlantic coast of the United States. While rarely dominant, it grows in mixed communities and across much of this area its distribution has been reduced dramatically, likely due to eutrophication and the invasion of conspecific P. australis introduced from Europe. In this study, two noncoding cpDNA markers and six microsatellite loci were used to characterize genetic diversity among 58 remnant native P. australis stands from North Carolina to Maine. Five chloroplast DNA haplotypes were identified along with 42 multilocus genotypes. Bayesian exploration detected no population structure (e.g., optimal K = 1), indicating that these individuals form a single population. The analysis also detected no presence of hybrids of native and introduced P. australis in the samples, despite the close proximity of individuals to each other in many cases. These results suggest that the genetic composition of native P. australis across the region remains homogeneous and pure, providing managers with justification for its conservation and a potentially large source of germplasm for use in restoration activities.

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The Phragmites communis Trin. chromosome complement in the Danube Delta

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Between- and within-population differences in Phragmites australis

Between- and within-population differences in Phragmites australis

The biology of Canadian weeds. 129. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.

Remnant native Phragmites australis maintains genetic diversity despite multiple threats

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