The phylogenetic method in taxonomy; the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus, and Atriplex

Background: Subtribe Artemisiinae of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae) is composed of 18 largely Asian genera that include the sagebrushes and mugworts. The subtribe includes the large cosmopolitan, wind-pollinated genus Artemisia, as well as several smaller genera and Seriphidium, that altogether comprise the Artemisia-group. Circumscription and taxonomic boundaries of Artemisia and the placements of these small segregate genera is currently unresolved.

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“…Hall and Clements [44] proposed a sister group relationship of subg. Artemisia to remaining subgenera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first phylogenetic treatment [44] recognized four sections within a broadly defined Artemisia s.l . with sect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera

et al. 2002

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“…Originally classified as a biennial weed of meadows, roadsides, and waste areas [1,4], A. biennis infestations became larger in size and more frequent in cultivated fields in the 1990s [3,5]. The successful spread of A. biennis has been largely attributed to the production of numerous seeds, estimated to be between 400,000 to one million per plant [4,5], which are very small and easily spread by wind or water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Artemisia biennis is native to northwest U.S. and western Canada [1] and has now spread and become a problem in several crops in the United States, Southern Canada, and Europe [2,3]. Originally classified as a biennial weed of meadows, roadsides, and waste areas [1,4], A. biennis infestations became larger in size and more frequent in cultivated fields in the 1990s [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic potential of Artemisia biennis (biennial wormwood)

Kegode¹,

Ciernia²,

Vlieger³

2012

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In this study, Artemisia biennis was seeded in a greenhouse and raised to an average plant height of 100 cm. Aboveground plant portions were harvested and partitioned into leaves and stems, and dried; while roots were either removed from some soil (soil – roots) or left in soil (soil + roots). Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of A. biennis leaves, roots, and stems; and soil – roots, and soil + roots on Solanum melanocerasum plant height and fresh weight plant–1. When 5 g of root and stem biomass were added to soil, S. melanocerasum plant height and fresh weight plant–1 was reduced by 75 and 88%, respectively. In contrast, 5 g of leaf biomass caused an increase in S. melanocerasum plant height and fresh weight plant–1 by 35% and 43%, respectively; whereas, 20 g of leaf biomass depressed both variables by 50% and 65%, also respectively. Plant height was more suppressed when S. melanocerasum grew in soil – roots as opposed to soil + roots, whereas fresh weight plant–1 was similar between soil treatments. S. melanocerasum plant height was reduced by 70 and 55% when grown in soil – roots and soil + roots, respectively. In contrast, S. melanocerasum fresh weight plant–1 was reduced by 76% in both soil treatments. The reduction in S. melanocerasum plant attributes in this study is indicative of the allelopathic potential of A. biennis. Furthermore, A. biennis allelopathy is differenttially expressed among plant parts, primarily in roots. This may explain how A. biennis is capable of dominating a habitat once it becomes established. The presence of extractable compounds with herbicidal activity could increase the potential usefulness of A. biennis

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“…Annual wormwood can be distinguished from biennial wormwood by its characteristic sweet scent and loose, open panicle (Fernald 1950;Hall and Clements 1923). However, biennial wormwood populations appear primarily to be the annual form (Mahoney 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biennial wormwood (Artemisia biennis) biomass allocation and seed production

Mahoney

Kegode²

2004

Weed sci.

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Biennial wormwood has become an important weed problem in the northern Great Plains, but little is known about its biology. Biennial wormwood seeds were collected from Fargo, ND, and Fergus Falls, MN, for field experiments in 1999 and 2000 to determine the influence of transplanting date on growth, biomass, and seed production. Seeds were seeded in a greenhouse every 2 wk, and seedling rosettes were transplanted to the field 2 wk after emergence from April 30 until September 15 to simulate season-long emergence. Weekly destructive subsampling started 2 wk after transplanting and ended on September 29 in both years. All seedlings that grew for at least 5 wk after transplanting produced flowers by mid- to late August of the same year. Late-transplanted seedlings with less than 5 wk of growth did not flower or survive the winter. Biennial wormwood biomass allocation patterns resemble those of an annual species, with about 15% of the total dry weight allocated to roots, 20% to stems, 25% to leaves, and 40% to flowers. Transplant date had a substantial influence on biomass partitioning. Seedlings transplanted early in the growing season produced more biomass and seed than late-season transplants. Biennial wormwood seedlings transplanted on April 30 produced over 435,000 seeds per plant, whereas seedlings transplanted on August 15 produced 500 to 3,000 seeds. Biennial wormwood was photoperiod sensitive and flowered when the day length was about 14 h or less, between August 18 and 25, in both years.

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The phylogenetic method in taxonomy; the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus, and Atriplex

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera

Molecular phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera

Allelopathic potential of <i>Artemisia biennis</i> (biennial wormwood)

Biennial wormwood (Artemisia biennis) biomass allocation and seed production

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The phylogenetic method in taxonomy; the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus, and Atriplex

Cited by 55 publications

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Molecular phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera

Molecular phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera

Allelopathic potential of &lt;i&gt;Artemisia biennis&lt;/i&gt; (biennial wormwood)

Biennial wormwood (Artemisia biennis) biomass allocation and seed production

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Allelopathic potential of <i>Artemisia biennis</i> (biennial wormwood)