The phylogeny of (Gentianaceae) and its colonization of the southern hemisphere as revealed by nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence variation

Hagen, K. Bernhard von; Kadereit, Joachim W.

doi:10.1078/1439-6092-00005

Cited by 155 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It is, however, more difficult to explain the apparent long-distance dispersal of tetraploid taxa of F. subgen. Drymanthele from eastern Asia to southern South America (BIV), as deduced from the basal Asian-American clade, although a similar colonization pattern was also found in Gentianella (von Hagen and Kadereit, 2001). A further colonization of N America from a separately evolved highly polyploid Eurasian Leucopoa lineage (BV) in the late Miocene (5.9 My) would be necessary to explain the distribution of F. kingii.…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Biogeographical Scenarios Of The Loliinaementioning

confidence: 83%

Dated historical biogeography of the temperate Loliinae (Poaceae, Pooideae) grasses in the northern and southern hemispheres

Inda

Segarra‐Moragues

Müller

et al. 2008

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

152

207

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Section: Temporal and Spatial Biogeographical Scenarios Of The Loliinaementioning

confidence: 83%

Dated historical biogeography of the temperate Loliinae (Poaceae, Pooideae) grasses in the northern and southern hemispheres

Inda

Segarra‐Moragues

Müller

et al. 2008

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

152

207

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“…However, even this minimum estimate exceeds reported species diversification rates for plants either on islands (10,23) or continents (4,6,11,26), providing the most spectacular example of explosive species diversification in plants documented to date. Low sequence divergence, lack of resolution and support, and͞or sparse taxon sampling in phylogenetic studies of other highelevation Andean plant groups (20,21,27,28) (21). These high diversification rates, as well as high endemic Andean species diversity in other high-elevation plant genera, such as Draba, Espeletia, Huperzia, Hypericum, and Lysipomia, suggest that lupines are just one of a set of spectacular, but as yet poorly documented, plant radiations that followed the final uplift of the northern Andes, and that a high proportion of the 3,400 plant species recorded in the northern Andean páramos (14) have evolved in the very recent evolutionary past.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This recent uplift implies that at least some Andean plant groups must have diversified very recently and rapidly (16,19). Despite this presumption, there are few reliable estimates of species diversification rates for Andean groups because of uncertainty about species numbers and the lack of robust, well resolved, and densely sampled phylogenies (20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Island radiation on a continental scale: Exceptional rates of plant diversification after uplift of the Andes

Hughes

Eastwood

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

931

903

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Species radiations provide unique insights into evolutionary processes underlying species diversification and patterns of biodiversity. To compare plant diversification over a similar time period to the recent cichlid fish radiations, which are an order of magnitude faster than documented bird, arthropod, and plant radiations, we focus on the high-altitude flora of the Andes, which is the most species-rich of any tropical mountains. Because of the recent uplift of the northern Andes, the upland environments where much of this rich endemic flora is found have been available for colonization only since the late Pliocene or Pleistocene, 2-4 million years (Myr) ago. Using DNA sequence data we identify a monophyletic group within the genus Lupinus representing 81 species endemic to the Andes. The age of this clade is estimated to be 1.18 -1.76 Myr, implying a diversification rate of 2.49 -3.72 species per Myr. This exceeds previous estimates for plants, providing the most spectacular example of explosive plant species diversification documented to date. Furthermore, it suggests that the high cichlid diversification rates are not unique. Lack of key innovations associated with the Andean Lupinus clade suggests that diversification was driven by ecological opportunities afforded by the emergence of island-like habitats after Andean uplift. Data from other genera indicate that lupines are one of a set of similarly rapid Andean plant radiations, continental in scale and island-like in stimulus, suggesting that the high-elevation Andean flora provides a system that rivals other groups, including cichlids, for understanding rapid species diversification.leguminosae ͉ Lupinus ͉ phylogeny ͉ species diversification S tudies of rapid episodes of species diversification or species radiations have provided a continuously rich source of new insights into the evolutionary processes underlying diversification and modern patterns of biodiversity for the last 150 years (1-6). A striking feature of species radiations is the discrepancy between the very high rates of species diversification reported for cichlid fish radiations in east African rift lakes and all bird, arthropod and plant radiations (2,7,8). This discrepancy has been attributed in part to the recency of the fish radiations (7). Accurate measurement of peak episodes of diversification embedded within older radiations requires fully sampled and resolved phylogenies (9). In the absence of such phylogenies, measurements of diversification rates for most radiations are less precise because they average out episodes of faster and slower speciation. Furthermore, these approaches measure net diversification rates, and the effects of extinction are not assessed. If speciation is concentrated in the early phases of radiations (3,7,10,11), this could explain the discrepancy between the exceptional rates of species diversification reported for very recent [Ͻ2 million years (Myr)] lacustrine fish and other documented bird, arthropod, or plant radiations, which are generally older (Ͼ5...

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“…Broad-scale analyses have identified families with particularly high or low rates of diversification (3), and lower level studies have used molecular phylogenetic-based approaches to identify genera that exhibit rapid rates of speciation in plants (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The ultimate goal of most of these studies is to identify which evolutionary processes are responsible for accelerating or decelerating speciation rates and, in particular, to identify whether radiations are adaptive (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and rate of speciation inAgave(Agavaceae)

Good‐Avila

Souza

Gaut

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

235

183

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The Agave (Agavaceae) are keystone species of semiarid to arid regions where the geographic center of origin is Mexico but whose populations spread from the southwestern U.S. through Central America, the Caribbean, and into northern South America. Our analyses indicate that Agave is a young genus, between 7.8 and 10.1 million years old, and yet it harbors the most species of any genera in the family. Of the eight genera in the family, Agave is paraphyletic with respect to three of them, and these four genera are often grouped into a genus termed Agave sensu lato, which harbors 208 of the 293 recognized species in the Agavaceae. In this article, we examine the phylogenetic limits of Agave sensu lato and present analyses elucidating the origin and rate of speciation in the group. These analyses lead to some new insights into the phylogenetic limits of Agave, indicate an estimated age of the family between 20 and 26 million years and an age of the Agave sensu lato of <10 million years. Furthermore, we estimate a high mean per-lineage rate of diversification for the genus and find that rates of speciation were significantly elevated between 8 and 6 million years ago and then again between 3 and 2.5 million years ago. We discuss the potential for both monocarpy and the evolution of a generalist pollination system, largely dependent on nectarivorous bat species, as possible driving factors in the radiation of the group.adaptive radiation ͉ molecular phylogeny ͉ monocotyledons ͉ penalized likelihood T he Agave produce one of the largest known inflorescences in the plant kingdom (1) and are predominantly monocarpic (reproducing only once after many years and then dying). Agave spp. are of considerable ecological (as keystone species) and economic importance providing the bases for several important industries in Mexico (e.g., tequila and mezcal). The genus Agave includes Ϸ166 species and is the largest genus in the family Agavaceae that consists of 9 genera and Ϸ293 species. The genus Agave is paraphyletic to the genera Manfreda, Polianthes, and Prochnyanthes, and the entire clade of 208 species (in four genera) has been termed Agave sensu lato (2).It has long been recognized that rates of speciation differ between families, or genera, of flowering plants. Broad-scale analyses have identified families with particularly high or low rates of diversification (3), and lower level studies have used molecular phylogenetic-based approaches to identify genera that exhibit rapid rates of speciation in plants (3-12). The ultimate goal of most of these studies is to identify which evolutionary processes are responsible for accelerating or decelerating speciation rates and, in particular, to identify whether radiations are adaptive (13). Schluter (13) describes four features that mark an adaptive radiation: common ancestry, rapid speciation, phenotype-environment correlation, and trait utility. The first two of these are typically identified by using statistical methods in molecular phylogenetics, the third is often demonstrated by...

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The phylogeny of (Gentianaceae) and its colonization of the southern hemisphere as revealed by nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence variation

Cited by 155 publications

References 48 publications

Dated historical biogeography of the temperate Loliinae (Poaceae, Pooideae) grasses in the northern and southern hemispheres

Dated historical biogeography of the temperate Loliinae (Poaceae, Pooideae) grasses in the northern and southern hemispheres

Island radiation on a continental scale: Exceptional rates of plant diversification after uplift of the Andes

Timing and rate of speciation inAgave(Agavaceae)

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