The phylogeny ofTurnip mosaic virus; comparisons of 38 genomic sequences reveal a Eurasian origin and a recent ‘emergence’ in east Asia

Abstract

The genomes of a representative world-wide collection of 32 Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates were sequenced and these, together with six previously reported sequences, were analysed. At least one-fifth of the sequences were recombinant. In phylogenetic analyses, using genomic sequences of Japanese yam mosaic virus as an outgroup, the TuMV sequences that did not show clear recombination formed a monophyletic group with four well-supported lineages. These groupings correlated with differences in pathogenicity and provenance; the sister group to all others was of Eurasian B-strain isolates from nonbrassicas, and probably represents the ancestral TuMV population, and the most recently 'emerged' branch of the population was probably that of the BR-strain isolates found only in east Asia. Eight isolates, all from east Asia, were clear recombinants, probably the progeny of recent recombination events, whereas a similar number, from other parts of the world, were seemingly older recombinants. This difference indicates that the presence of clear recombinants in a subpopulation may be a molecular signature of a recent 'emergence'.

Inferring the Evolutionary History of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus from Genomic, Phylogenetic, and Phylogeographic Studies

“…Altogether, RYMV evolutionary history showed features markedly different from those of other plant viruses subjected to similar analyses of full sequences of several representative isolates. In particular, reassortment was found to be critical for Cucumber mosaic virus (35), recombination and long-distance transport by humans were involved for Turnip mosaic virus (44), and adaptive selection was suspected for Potato leafroll virus (17). Full-genome analyses excluded earlier hypotheses (30), based on coat protein gene sequences, of an adaptation to savanna regions of some isolates from Central Africa (clade 3) and West Africa (clade 4).…”

Phylodynamic evidence of the migration of turnip mosaic potyvirus from Europe to Australia and New Zealand

“…This is because the known TuMV populations of the south and east of Asia, Japan, Vietnam and China are genetically linked but distinct from those of Europe (Nguyen et al, 2013a, b;Tomimura et al, 2003). Australia and New Zealand were first populated around 50 000 and 800 years ago, respectively, but regular trade to these countries, and the development of agriculture, did not start until about 600 years ago and was mostly derived from Europe.…”

“…Crops of the Brassicaceae that are most commonly cultivated in Europe are Brassica spp., whereas both Brassica and Raphanus crops are important in Asia Minor and Asian countries (Tomimura et al, 2003;Tomitaka & Ohshima, 2006;Tomitaka et al, 2007). TuMV isolates are of five hostinfecting types.…”

Serological and molecular identification of Turnip mosaic virus in some wild plants in Iran

“…We found greater burdock and charlock mustard as susceptible hosts for TuMV in the mid-Eurasian region of Iran. However, it seems that TuMV has many other natural hosts, belonging to different plant families, in the country as previous studies have shown a Eurasian origin for the virus (Tomimura et al 2003). Although the four isolates were clustered in a separate branch, we need full-length genome sequences of these isolates for a better understanding of their phylogenetic relationships with other virus isolates.…”