The Physical Activity and Alzheimer’s Disease (PAAD) Study: Cognitive outcomes

Etnier, Jennifer L.; Karper, William B.; Labban, Jeffrey D.; Piepmeier, Aaron; Shih, Chia-Hao; Dudley, William N.; Henrich, Vincent C.; Wideman, Laurie

doi:10.1093/abm/kax035

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The risk of developing AD should be considered from early ages, to avoid risk factors, and for the elderly, it is important to improve treatments by adopting a healthier lifestyle and dietary changes; in order to strengthen prevention (10) There is a lot of obesity type diabetes, that is closely related to the factors that promote the evolution towards AD (lack of physical activity, stress, lack of socialization-witch are the main preventive elements in AD).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, at present, physical activities that have additional components of social and cognitive stimulation are considered to be the most effective. (7 ,8, 9) AD is a very important health problem that requires screening to monitor cardiovascular risk factors, so that prevention strategies can be implemented in order to minimize the risk of its development (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is cardiovascular risk factor prevention necessary? The influence of diabetes mellitus in the development of Alzheimer's dementia

Sandu¹,

Pîslaru²,

Ilie³

et al. 2020

BPI

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, causing major progressive deficits in cognitive function and memory. Currently, over 35 million people worldwide are affected by this disease. Hyperglycemia is a well-known risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases in adults, but recent studies have shown that it is also closely linked to the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Moreover, chronic exposure to hyperglycemia can affect cognitive function and other mental diseases as well. This is worrying considering that over 176 million people are currently diagnosed with diabetes, and estimated to reach 366 million by 2030. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between the presence of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors and the risk of developing AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is cardiovascular risk factor prevention necessary? The influence of diabetes mellitus in the development of Alzheimer's dementia

Sandu¹,

Pîslaru²,

Ilie³

et al. 2020

BPI

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“…Indeed, research has shown that a low level of physical activity is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline, particularly among APOE ε4 carriers (Schuit et al 2001). On the other hand, researchers from the University of North Carolina recently reported an improvement in memory function after an 8-month physical activity intervention irrespective of APOE ɛ4 carrier status (Etnier et al 2018). However, interestingly, we observed in our data that engaging in midlife activity regardless of intensity level was associated with significantly less decrease in memory function only among APOE ε4 carriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such marker is the apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) ε4 allele, which is a well-known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (Corder et al 1993; Roses 1996; Saunders et al 1993). A growing body of research has implicated that the association between physical activity and cognitive function may differ by APOE ε4 carrier status (Etnier et al 2018; Rovio et al 2005; Schuit et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of non-exercise physical activity in mid- and late-life with cognitive trajectories and the impact of APOE ε4 genotype status: the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging

et al. 2019

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In this study derived from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, we investigated whether non-exercise physical activity (PA) was associated with global and domain-specific cognitive trajectories (memory, language, visuospatial skills, attention) and whether the association differed by apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype status. We included 2061 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 70 years (50.5% males, 26.7% APOE ε4 carriers) who were cognitively unimpaired at baseline and on whom serial cognitive data and self-reported information on non-exercise PA were available. We specifically inquired about non-exercise PA carried out at two time points, i.e., midlife (between 50 and 65 years of age) and late-life (within 1 year prior to assessment) and three intensity levels, i.e., light (e.g., laundry), moderate (e.g., scrubbing floors) and heavy (e.g., hard manual labor). Linear mixed-effect models revealed that engaging in midlife PA of moderate or heavy intensity was associated with significantly less-pronounced decline of z-scores in all cognitive domains. Similarly, participants that engaged in late-life moderate or heavy PA had less decline in visuospatial, attention and global z-scores than non-active peers. These associations varied depending on APOE ε4 carrier status, i.e., APOE ε4 non-carriers but not APOE ε4 carriers that engaged in late-life PA had less decline in cognitive z-scores. In contrast, engaging in midlife PA, irrespective of intensity, was significantly associated with less decline in memory function only among APOE ε4 carriers.

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“…An interesting but inconsistent finding within published exercise trials is the potentially differential effect based on genetic risk for AD (APOE) [123,124]. Although results have been mixed, several studies have demonstrated that the beneficial effects of aerobic training may be greater among individuals with greater AD genetic risk, [123] although others have failed to replicate these subgroup differences [125,126]. Taken together, these findings suggest that being physically active in middle-age is likely protective against future ADRD, although there is wide individual variation across individuals that remains to be understood, as discussed in later sections below.…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition

Smith

2019

BPL

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Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) represent an increasingly urgent public health concern, with an increasing number of baby boomers now at risk. Due to a lack of efficacious therapies among symptomatic older adults, an increasing emphasis has been placed on preventive measures that can curb or even prevent ADRD development among middle-aged adults. Lifestyle modification using aerobic exercise and dietary modification represents one of the primary treatment modalities used to mitigate ADRD risk, with an increasing number of trials demonstrating that exercise and dietary change, individually and together, improve neurocognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults. Despite several optimistic findings, examination of treatment changes across lifestyle interventions reveals a variable pattern of improvements, with large individual differences across trials. The present review attempts to synthesize available literature linking lifestyle modification to neurocognitive changes, outline putative mechanisms of treatment improvement, and discuss discrepant trial findings. In addition, previous mechanistic assumptions linking lifestyle to neurocognition are discussed, with a focus on potential solutions to improve our understanding of individual neurocognitive differences in response to lifestyle modification. Specific recommendations include integration of contemporary causal inference approaches for analyzing parallel mechanistic pathways and treatment-exposure interactions. Methodological recommendations include trial multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) design approaches that leverage individual differences for improved treatment outcomes.

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The Physical Activity and Alzheimer’s Disease (PAAD) Study: Cognitive outcomes

Abstract: Future experimental studies are needed to confirm that PA causes improvements to cognitive performance in older cognitively normal adults with a FHxAD and that these improvements are equivalent for cognitively normal APOE ɛ4 carriers and noncarriers.

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Is cardiovascular risk factor prevention necessary? The influence of diabetes mellitus in the development of Alzheimer's dementia

Is cardiovascular risk factor prevention necessary? The influence of diabetes mellitus in the development of Alzheimer's dementia

Association of non-exercise physical activity in mid- and late-life with cognitive trajectories and the impact of APOE ε4 genotype status: the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging

Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition

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