The Physical and Chemical Characterization of Rat’s Milk

Luckey, T. D.; Mende, Thomas J.; Pleasants, Julian R.

doi:10.1093/jn/54.3.345

Cited by 159 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Since the background level of the counter is around 1000 cpm, the contribution of the radiation from the natural potassium in the rat to the background level and to the 42K count is negligibly small. the results of LUCKEY et al (0.082-0.15% in wet basis) (26). Colostrum was not sampled in our study; LUCKEY's results (26), however, showed that there is no significant difference in the concentration of potassium between colostrum and milk of the rat.…”

contrasting

confidence: 63%

“…the results of LUCKEY et al (0.082-0.15% in wet basis) (26). Colostrum was not sampled in our study; LUCKEY's results (26), however, showed that there is no significant difference in the concentration of potassium between colostrum and milk of the rat. This fact justifies our use of 0.11% as the potassium concentration in the calculation of the daily milk intake of the newborn.…”

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confidence: 63%

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Estimation of the Daily Milk Intake of the Suckling Rat Using the Turnover Rate of Potassium

Kametaka

Inaba

Ichikawa

1974

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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Kinetic parametersof potassium metabolism were utilized for the esti mation of the daily milk intake of the suckling rat. These parameters in cluded the turnover rate of potassium as determined from the whole-body retention curve of 42K, the total potassium content as measured by means of atomic absorption spectrometry, and the potassium content of milk samples from the lactating dams. The daily intake of potassium was cal culated using the whole-body potassium content, the turnover rate con stant, and the assumption that the body is a single instantaneously mixing compartment for potassium. The daily milk intake of suckling rat was calculated from the daily potassium intake and the concentration of potassium in rat milk. The results showed that the daily milk intake varies from 1.6g of milk for a newborn rat to 6g for a 14 day-old suckl ing rat.

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confidence: 63%

contrasting

confidence: 63%

Estimation of the Daily Milk Intake of the Suckling Rat Using the Turnover Rate of Potassium

Kametaka

Inaba

Ichikawa

1974

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…Although evolutionary processes have produced an organism with the peripheral and central mechanisms for detecting and reacting positively to most "sweet" substances (i.e., substances we label as such, and which are approached and consumed with avidity by rats), those structures and processes have never been fully activated in these animals prior to the first day of these experiments. In infancy, the milk of the mother probably excites no characteristic sweet reaction: rat milk is very low in lactose (approximately 3%) and, to the human observer, it tastes "quite salty" (Luckey, Mende, & Pleasants, 1954). To mature rats, 3% lactose solutions are neither preferred nor rejected (Richter & Campbell, 1940).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of taste-induced drinking: The effects of concentration shifts and drinking interruptions

Rabiner

Kling

Spraguer

1988

Animal Learning & Behavior

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The drinking of saccharin solutions by nondeprived rats was found to increase on initial exposure as a function of daily sessions and not as a function of previous state of deprivation or vigor of drinking. Large and persisting positive and negative successive contrast effects followed a single shift in concentration. Forcing the drinking to occur in short bouts by withdrawing the drinking tube elevated total intake above the level established by the positive and negative contrasts. The drinking returned to baseline when uninterrupted drinking was permitted. Maximum drinking occurred with 10-and 20-min interruptions of 2-min drinking periods. Consecutive daily interrupted drinking sessions did not produce further increases in drinking, as might have been predicted by opponent process theory or by a classical conditioning interpretation. It was suggested that the persistence of the positive and negative contrasts was dependent on the limited past experience of the animals with the saccharin taste, and that the enhancement of drinking by interruption may depend on the increased excitement produced by drinking tube withdrawal and the reduction of the excitement by reintroduction of the tube.

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“…Non-esterified fatty acids cannot readily cross the placental barrier (Koren & Shafrir, 1964), and the capacity of the liver to oxidize non-esterified fatty acids and to form ketone bodies is very low in utero (Drahota et al, 1964;Augenfeld & Fritz, 1970). At birth, when suckling commences, the previous highcarbohydrate diet is replaced by the high-fat-lowcarbohydrate diet of the milk (Luckey et al, 1954). The concentration of blood ketone bodies increases from around 0.2mM at birth to 2mM 24h later (Snell & Walker, 1973;Wapnir et al, 1973;Foster & Bailey, 1976a;Yeh & Zee, 1976).…”

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The development of ketogenesis at birth in the rat

Ferré¹,

Pégorier²,

Williamson³

et al. 1978

Biochemical Journal

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In the suckling newborn rat, blood ketone bodies begin to increase slowly 4h after birth and then rise sharply between 12 and 16h, whereas the major increase in plasma nonesterified fatty acids and liver carnitine occurs during the first 2h of life, parallel with the onset of suckling. In the starved newborn rat, which shows no increase in liver carnitine unless it is fed with a carnitine solution, the developmental pattern of the ketogenic capacity (tested by feeding a triacylglycerol emulsion, which increases plasma nonesterified fatty acids by 3-fold) is the same as in the suckling animal. This suggests that the increases in plasma non-esterified fatty acids and liver carnitine seen 2 h after birth in the suckling animal are not the predominant factors inducing the switch-on of ketogenesis. Injection of butyrate to starved newborn pups resulted in a pattern of blood ketone bodies which was similar to that found after administration of triacylglycerols, but, at all time points studied, the hyperketonaemia was more pronounced with butyrate. It is suggested that, even if the entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria is a rate-limiting step, it is not the only factor controlling ketogenesis after birth in the rat. As in the adult rat, there is a reciprocal correlation between the liver glycogen content and the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood.In the foetal rat, the main oxidizable substrate is glucose provided by the mother via the placenta.

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The Physical and Chemical Characterization of Rat’s Milk

Cited by 159 publications

References 18 publications

Estimation of the Daily Milk Intake of the Suckling Rat Using the Turnover Rate of Potassium

Estimation of the Daily Milk Intake of the Suckling Rat Using the Turnover Rate of Potassium

Modulation of taste-induced drinking: The effects of concentration shifts and drinking interruptions

The development of ketogenesis at birth in the rat

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