The physical chemistry of some non-ionic detergents

Elworthy, P. H.; Macfarlane, C. B.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1965.tb07617.x

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The amount of water in this solution was taken as a measure of micellar hydration as it corresponds to the minimum amount necessary to cause separation of the micelles from one another. Although the method is empirical the values obtained for the hydration (w,) agree well with those derived from the intrinsic viscosities of micelles which are spherical (Equation 2 : Elworthy & Macfarlane, 1965).…”

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confidence: 54%

“…As we have already discussed (Elworthy & Macfarlane, 1965), the polymerisation syntheses give rise to products having a range of ethylene oxide chain lengths ; a range which varies depending on the experimental conditions. Although claims of "reproducible heterogeneity" have been made (Becher, 1961) these heterogeneous compounds are far from ideal for physicochemical measurement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Further aspects of the physical chemistry of some non-ionic detergents

Elworthy

Macfarlane

1965

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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confidence: 54%

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confidence: 96%

Further aspects of the physical chemistry of some non-ionic detergents

Elworthy

Macfarlane

1965

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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“…By solubilisation of polyphenols (Elworthy and Macfarlane 1965), Tween 80 would also be expected to prevent the binding of polyphenols to proteins in erythrocyte membranes and therefore inhibit "agglutination" by the substances. This effect is demonstrated clearly in Table III.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Haemagglutinins” of the Phaeophyceae and Non-specific Aggregation Phenomena by Polyphenols

Rogers¹,

Loveless²

1985

Botm

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The nature of the human erythrocyte "agglutinins" in six selected species of brown algae has been investigated. The "haemagglutinins" are removed by the incorporation of insoluble polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) into the extraction medium and cannot be recovered from the PVPP by elution with media containing Tween 80. Protein-rich extracts from the six algae do not contain "agglutinins' 1 for human erythrocytes, but purified polyphenols from four of the six species produce powerful "haemagglutination". Thus the "agglutination" of human erythrocytes by extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus serratus, F. spiralis, F. vesiculosus, Himanthalia elongata and Pelvetia canaliculata is considered to be due, principally, to substances which are polyphenolic in nature and quite different from the known lectin-type haemagglutinins in some algae.

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“…26 If hydrated, a particle occupies a larger volume fraction than its unhydrated counterpart. The Oncley equation 27…”

Section: Intrinsic Viscosity [η]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Rheological Properties of Nonionic Surfactant Vesicles and the Determination of Surface Hydration

et al. 1999

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Rheological studies of dilute aqueous nonionic surfactant vesicle (niosome) dispersions formed mainly from hexadecyl diglycerol ether (C 16 G 2 ) or sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) were performed by capillary viscometry. By variation of the ratio of C 16 G 2 , cholesterol, and a poly-24-oxyethylene cholesteryl ether (Solulan C24), vesicles with either polyhedral or mainly spherical structures can be formed. Polyhedral niosomes transform to spherical vesicles above a transition temperature of 45 °C, while cholesterol-rich spherical/tubular niosomes remain intact up to 80 °C. These changes in niosome morphology are reflected in their rheological properties. The relative viscosity (η rel ) of spherical/tubular niosome dispersions changes little with increase in temperature, while that of polyhedral niosome dispersions decreases dramatically, indicating the transformation of the vesicles to a more spherical shape. As the intrinsic viscosity, [η], of colloidal dispersions is affected not only by vesicle shape but also by surface hydration, it is possible to make estimates of hydration. The increase in viscosity with the increase in the amount of the hydrophilic Solulan C24 in the vesicle surface is a reflection of increased hydration. However, the effect of size complicates interpretation; increase in vesicle size between 270 nm and 8.8 µm reduces the viscosity of the system. Interpretation of the intrinsic viscosity data depends to a large extent on the estimation of φ, the volume fraction occupied by the vesicles, because of internal hydration. Results are consistent with surface hydration in the range between 2 and 2.8 g g -1 for niosomes containing 10% Solulan C24 at 25 °C.

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The physical chemistry of some non-ionic detergents

Cited by 19 publications

References 95 publications

Further aspects of the physical chemistry of some non-ionic detergents

Further aspects of the physical chemistry of some non-ionic detergents

“Haemagglutinins” of the Phaeophyceae and Non-specific Aggregation Phenomena by Polyphenols

Some Rheological Properties of Nonionic Surfactant Vesicles and the Determination of Surface Hydration

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