The Physiological Effects of Catch and Release Angling on the Post-Release Survivorship of Juvenile Sandbar Sharks (Carcharhinus Plumbeus)

Evaluation of critical care blood analytes assessed with a point-of-care portable blood analyzer in wild and aquarium-housed elasmobranchs and the influence of phlebotomy site on results

“…The blood gas, electrolyte, and biochemical values for both elasmobranch populations were comparable with those reported in studies 9,16 on Atlantic sharpnose and dusky sharks when blood samples were collected within several minutes after the animals were first handled. Although lactic acidosis and high blood lactate concentrations (> 10 to 15 mmol/L) have been reported in elasmobranchs during stressful events, 5,[9][10][11]16,17,20,22,26,43 few of the sharks and rays of the present study had blood lactate concentrations > 5 mmol/L. Explanations for a lack of extreme acid-base fluctuations include reduced or slow secondary physiologic responses to stress.…”

“…In previous studies 1,2,[4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]43 of aquatic animals during stressful events, both the degree of acid-base imbalance and recovery capacity differed among pelagic, intermediate, and benthic species. In the present study, differences in blood analytes were detected among these 3 species categories regardless of captivity status; for the aquarium-housed population, analysis revealed significant differences in So 2 , lactate concentration, and glu-AQUATIC ANIMALS cose concentration.…”

“…15 In addition, increased lactate and CO 2 concentrations and decreased bicarbonate concentrations cause blood pH to decrease 16 and serum electrolytes and osmolality to increase. 1,10,[16][17][18] Also, if a fish struggles on a hook, in a net, or during transport for a prolonged period, respiratory inadequacy can result, causing respiratory acidosis. Measurement of blood analytes is a sensible, rapid method that can aid in the assessment of physiologic status and has been accomplished in earlier studies 5,7,18 in fish by use of a POC blood analyzer a that measures blood gases, Hct, and concentrations of electrolytes, lactate, and glucose.…”

First report on the serum chemistry and haematology of free-ranging dusky (Carcharhinus obscurus) and sandbar (Carcharhinus plumbeus) sharks in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

“…Elevated glucose levels, or hyperglycemia, have been documented in several shark species, including those investigated herein ( Cliff and Thurman, 1984 ; Spargo, 2001 ). Stress recovery times necessary for hyperglycemia have been reported as over 24 hours for dusky sharks ( Cliff and Thurman, 1984 ) and under 24 hours for sandbar sharks ( Spargo, 2001 ). In a study by Marshall et al (2012) , glucose levels were measured in longline-captured sharks belonging to 11 species, including dusky and sandbar sharks.…”

“…Furthermore, salts directly influence blood pH through exercise intensity, acting against physiological impairment, and have been reported as higher in warmer conditions ( Bouyoucos et al, 2018 ). In this regard, plasma and serum chemistry analytes have been reported previously for both dusky ( Cliff and Thurman, 1984 ; Marshall et al, 2012 ) and sandbar ( Spargo, 2001 ; Marshall et al, 2012 ; Jerome et al, 2017 ) populations in the western Pacific Ocean, eastern North Pacific Ocean, and western North Atlantic, while haematological data have been reported only for sandbar sharks ( Arnold, 1997 ; Haines and Arnold, 2014 ). Reference intervals (RIs), defined as the 95% confidence interval (CI) of a healthy reference population, with 90% CIs of the limits, provide clinical baselines for clinical assessments, health trends in wild species and imperilled health states caused by anthropogenic or environmental factors ( Yang et al, 2019 ).…”