The physiological functions of central nervous system pericytes and a potential role in pain

Beazley‐Long, Nicholas; Durrant, Alexandra M; Swift, Matthew N.; Donaldson, Lucy F.

doi:10.12688/f1000research.13548.1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Pain is a significant function of the central nervous system [52]. In the present study, Judo 40 significantly reduced the perception of pain on posttreatment day one, indicating that activities of the CNS are affected by the insecticide, through the inhibition of pain processing in the spinal cord [53].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Commercial Formulation of Chlorpyrifos Alters Neurological Behaviors and Fertility

Kudavidanage

Dissanayake

Keerthirathna

et al. 2020

Biology

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Pesticides are known to result in toxic insult. We aimed to evaluate Judo 40, the commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos on the neurological activities, fertility, and hormone levels of male rats. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with 1 mL of 20 or 50 mg/kg Judo 40. The doses were administered four times, twice a day. Sexual and exploratory behavior indices, fertility indices, serum androgen levels, blood acetylcholinesterase (BChE) levels, and neurological and muscular effects were evaluated. Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone were significantly reduced in the rats receiving 50 mg/kg Judo 40. A reduction in viable implantation sites and live pups born were evident in the female rats mated with the male rats treated with the highest dose. Similarly, in the rats treated with the highest dose of Judo 40, a significant reduction in plasma BChE enzyme was observed. According to the results, prolonged Judo 40 exposure can cause impairment of the neurological alterations and sex hormones leading to impaired fertility. Therefore, chemical handlers should be educated on protection and risk minimization.Biology 2020, 9, 49 2 of 15 environment, chemical formulations of CPFs such as Judo 40 will undergo evaporation, hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and microbial metabolism [15]. Owing to active soil absorption and the low water dissolubility of CPFs, this can result in the contamination of percolated water, runoff water, and sediments [16], leading to a high accumulation of CPF residues, thus posing acute and chronic health risks to consumers [17].It has been documented that the occupational exposure of humans to pesticides, including CPFs, are high [18]. However, in developing countries, small-scale farmers are continuously exposed to pesticides through mixing, filling, and spraying using backpack sprinklers [19]. They are further at a high risk due to the limited usage of protective gear and lack of awareness on safety [20]. In Sri Lanka, farmers are inclined to use about 30%-40% higher quantities of chemical formulations of CPF than the dose levels recommended by the manufacturers [21]. Growing evidence also indicates that CPF exposure can result in fetal developmental problems, including issues with the weight and head circumference of newborn babies [22], and high incidences of prostate and lung cancers in adults [23]. Alvarez et al. [24] reported that the soil can recover up to 25 ppm of CPF and the percentage decrease with increasing of the initial concentration [25]. The use of commercial formulations of pesticides can aggravate the toxic effects more than use of the pure active ingredient [26].The active ingredient of Judo 40, CPF, is principally responsible for the accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) as a result of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) action in animal tissues, and is highly toxic to many animals including copepods, amphipods [27], fish [28], birds, and mammals [29]. It was reported that chronic exposure to 30 days of chronic doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) of CPF led to a decrease in spe...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Commercial Formulation of Chlorpyrifos Alters Neurological Behaviors and Fertility

Kudavidanage

Dissanayake

Keerthirathna

et al. 2020

Biology

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“…The Pericytes are mesodermal-derived cells covering the CNS capillaries to regulate vascular stability, diameter, cerebral blood flow, and extracellular membrane protein secretion [ 13 , 47 ]. The BBB ECs and their associated pericytes both produce TGF-β, which is involved in regulating the maintenance of BBB properties and possess functional TGF-β receptors [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: The Blood–brain-barrier (Bbb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Crosstalk between the Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation after General Anaesthesia

Yang

Chen

2022

CIMB

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As we know, with continuous medical progress, the treatment of many diseases can be conducted via surgery, which often relies on general anaesthesia for its satisfactory performance. With the widespread use of general anaesthetics, people are beginning to question the safety of general anaesthesia and there is a growing interest in central nervous system (CNS) complications associated with anaesthetics. Recently, abundant evidence has suggested that both blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and neuroinflammation play roles in the development of CNS complications after anaesthesia. Whether there is a crosstalk between BBB dysfunction and neuroinflammation after general anaesthesia, and whether this possible crosstalk could be a therapeutic target for CNS complications after general anaesthesia needs to be clarified by further studies.

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“…Additionally, pericytes are involved in the pathogenesis and development of various diseases. For instance, under ischemic conditions, pericytes constrict the capillaries in rigidity and hinder the flow of blood cells, which eventually prevents microcirculatory reperfusion even if the plaque has been removed in stroke disorders (Beazley-Long et al, 2018). Furthermore, studies have indicated that pericytes are associated with other neurovascular disorders, including WMI, cerebral hemorrhage, and hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (Hill et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pericytes in Cerebrovascular Diseases: An Emerging Therapeutic Target

Huang

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Pericytes are functional components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) that are located around the blood vessels, and their roles in the regulation of cerebral health and diseases has been reported. Currently, the potential properties of pericytes as emerging therapeutic targets for cerebrovascular diseases have attracted considerable attention. Nonetheless, few reviews have comprehensively discussed pericytes and their roles in cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, in this review, we not only summarized and described the basic characteristics of pericytes but also focused on clarifying the new understanding about the roles of pericytes in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases, including white matter injury (WMI), hypoxic–ischemic brain damage, depression, neovascular insufficiency disease, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, we summarized the current therapeutic strategies targeting pericytes for cerebrovascular diseases. Collectively, this review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of pericytes and new insights about the use of pericytes as novel therapeutic targets for cerebrovascular diseases.

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The physiological functions of central nervous system pericytes and a potential role in pain

Cited by 6 publications

References 73 publications

Commercial Formulation of Chlorpyrifos Alters Neurological Behaviors and Fertility

Commercial Formulation of Chlorpyrifos Alters Neurological Behaviors and Fertility

The Crosstalk between the Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation after General Anaesthesia

Pericytes in Cerebrovascular Diseases: An Emerging Therapeutic Target

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