The physiology of ageing

Navaratnarajah, Arunraj; Jackson, Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2016.10.008

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The C max and AUC 0–24 h of H-Nim and L-Nim in 9-month-old rats were both lower than that in 2-month-old rats, which suggested that the absorption of polymorphic Nim were decreased with aging. As previous reported, Nim was well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration 27 , while the basal gastric blood flow and the intestinal peristalsis were decreased in elder individuals 28 , 29 , 30 . This could be the explanation for the decline in the absorption of H-Nim and L-Nim in 9-month-old rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Compared to 2-month-old rats, the AUC ratios between H-Nim and L-Nim at different time intervals in 9-month-old rats were slightly increased especially for the ratio of AUC 0–4 h , which meant that the relative bioavailability of H-Nim and L-Nim between 2-month-old and 9-month-old rats were not significantly different but unparalleled. It was known that the impairment of gastrointestinal tract could result in the decreased absorption of polymorphic Nim in 9-month-old rats 28 , 29 , 30 and the degree of decreased absorption of H-Nim was larger than that of L-Nim, while the activity of CYP3A4 was not significantly changed with aging 31 , 32 . Therefore, although the lower concentration of polymorphic Nim in plasma could be effectively metabolized by the hepatic CYP3A4, the degree and rate of metabolism of H-Nim and L-Nim in 9-month-old rats were not the same as in 2-month-old rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of polymorphic nimodipine in rats after oral administration

Liu

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

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The previous investigation has proved that their existed pharmacokinetic difference between the different crystal forms of the polymorphic drugs after oral administration. However, no systemic investigations have been made on the change of this pharmacokinetic difference, resulted either from the physiological or from the pathological factors. In this paper, we used polymorphic nimodipine (Nim) as a model drug and investigated the effect of age difference (2- and 9-month old) on the pharmacokinetics after oral delivery in rats. As the results shown, for L-form of Nim (L-Nim), the AUC0–24 h in 2-month-old rats was 343.68±47.15 ng·h/mL, which is 23.36% higher than that in 9-month-old rats. For H-form of Nim (H-Nim), the AUC0–24 h in 2-month-old rats was 140.91±19.47 ng·h/mL, which is 54.64% higher than that in 9-month-old rats. The AUC0–24 h ratio between H-Nim and L-Nim was 2.44 in 2-month-old rats and 3.06 in 9-month-old rats. Since age difference could result in unparallelled change of the absorption and bioavailability of the polymorphic drugs, the results in this experiment are of value for further investigation of crystal form selection in clinical trials and rational clinical application of the polymorphic drugs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of polymorphic nimodipine in rats after oral administration

Liu

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

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“…Currently, the world population has more young adults than elderly individuals, and the aging of this population is growing at an increased rate [ 23 ]. The populations of most developed countries continue to become older, as in the United States alone, it is estimated that there will be 70 million people over the age of 65 by the year 2030, representing almost 25% of the population [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycation and Oxidative Stress Increase Autoantibodies in the Elderly

et al. 2020

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Aging causes gradual changes in free radicals, antioxidants, and immune-imbalance in the elderly. This study aims to understand links among aging, gluco-oxidative stress, and autoantibodies in asymptomatic individuals. In vitro glycation of human serum albumin (Gly-HSA) induces appreciable biochemical changes. Significant inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation was achieved using garlic extract (53.75%) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea (72.5%). Increased amounts of serum carbonyl content (2.42 ± 0.5) and pentosidine (0.0321 ± 0.0029) were detected in IV-S (S represent smokers) vs. IV group individuals. Direct binding ELISA results exhibited significantly high autoantibodies against Gly-HSA in group IV-S (0.55 ± 0.054; p < 0.001) and III-S (0.40 ± 0.044; p < 0.01) individuals as compared to the age matched subjects who were non-smokers (group IV and III). Moreover, high average percent inhibition (51.3 ± 4.1%) was obtained against Gly-HSA in IV-S group individuals. Apparent association constant was found to be high for serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG) from group IV-S (1.18 × 10−6 M) vs. serum IgG from IV group (3.32 × 10−7 M). Aging induced gluco-oxidative stress and AGEs formation may generate neo-epitopes on blood-proteins, contributing to production of autoantibodies in the elderly, especially smokers. Use of anti-glycation natural products may reduce age-related pathophysiological changes.

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“…This partially contrasts research that suggests that younger demographics are most negatively impacted by temperature through increased heat gain and reduced dissipation [45,46,98,98]. It should be noted, however, that the impact on older competitors does correlate with research that ageing reduces muscle mass, metabolism and thus thermoregulatory adjustments [45,46,98,99]. This would explain the decrease in performance under higher temperatures for older age groups and also agrees with previous research into the in uence of urban heat islands and pollution on vulnerable population demographics (i.e.…”

Section: Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 82%

The influence of meteorology and air quality on parkrun athletic performance

Hodgson

Elliott²,

Chapman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Despite increased awareness of climate change and urban air pollution, little research has been performed to examine the influence of meteorology and air quality on athletic performance of the general public and recreational exercisers. Anecdotal evidence of increased temperatures and wind speeds as well as higher relative humidity conditions resulting in reduced athletic performance has been presented in the past, whilst urban air pollution can have negative short- and long-term impacts on health. Furthermore, pollutants such as Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Particulate Matter can cause respiratory and cardiovascular distress, which can be heightened during physical activity. Previous research has examined these impacts on marathon runners, or have been performed in laboratory settings. Instead, this paper focuses on the potential impacts on the general public. With the rise of parkrun events (timed 5 km runs) across the UK and worldwide concerns regarding public health in relation to both air quality and activity levels, the potential influence of air quality and meteorology on what is viewed as a ‘healthy’ activity has been investigated. A weekly dataset of parkrun participants at fifteen events, located in London UK, from 2011-2016 alongside local meteorological and air quality data has been analysed.Results[JH(G+ESLF1] : The biggest influencer on athletic performance is meteorology, particularly temperature and wind speed. Regression results between parkrun finishing times and temperature predominantly show positive relationships, supporting previous laboratory tests (p=0[JH(G+ESLF2] .01). Increased relative humidity also can be associated with slower finishing times but in several cases is not statistically significant. Higher wind speeds can also be related to slower times (p=<0.01) and in contrast to temperature and relative humidity, male participants are more influenced than female by this variable. Although air quality does influence athletic performance to an extent, the heterogeneity of pollutants within London and between parkrun events and monitoring sites makes this difficult to prove decisively.Conclusions: It has been determined that temperature and relative humidity can have the largest detrimental impact on parkrun performance, with ozone also being detrimental in some instances[JH(G+ESLF3] . The influence of other variables cannot be discounted however and it is recommended that modelling is performed to further determine the extent to which ‘at event’ meteorology and air quality has on performance. In the future, there results can be used to determine safe operating and exercise conditions for parkrun and other public athletics events.Key Points· Temperature and relative humidity have the largest detrimental impact on parkrun participants in the Greater London area.· Air quality impacts are less clear but it is shown that ozone, as an irritant to the cardiorespiratory system, can lead to slower times.· Modelling ‘at event’ air quality is recommended to improve data resolution and influence on participants.

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The physiology of ageing

Cited by 47 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of polymorphic nimodipine in rats after oral administration

Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of polymorphic nimodipine in rats after oral administration

Glycation and Oxidative Stress Increase Autoantibodies in the Elderly

The influence of meteorology and air quality on parkrun athletic performance

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