The Physiology of Chlorophyll Formation in Relation to Structural Changes in Chloroplasts

Virgin, Hemming I.; Kahn, Albert; Wettstein, Diter von

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1963.tb08205.x

Cited by 156 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pigment transformation consists of an hydrogenation of the protochlorophyllide molecule, involving a thus far anonymous donor (19,21). Although the kinetics indicate that the transformation is second order, an intramolecular hydrogen transfer from the protein moiety of the photochlorophyllide holochrome to the pigment could occur at some stage (21). Thus, it is possible that the pigment transformation may be directly coupled to an oxidation in the protein, thereby changing certain of its properties, which could lead to a structural rearrangement observable at the electron microscopic level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effects of leaf age, light intensity, and temperature have been found. Also, the phytochrome system seems to be involved, since a short preillumination with red light at the absorption maximum of phytochrome shortens the lag period (8), and the effect of this pretreatment can be partially reversed by far-red light (16,21). In preliminary experiments, we found that in detached leaves the duration of the lag phase and the degree of greening also depend considerably upon the pH and ionic strength of the medium with which the leaves are in contact during illumination.…”

Section: Structural Changes During the Lag Phase In Chlorophyll Accummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vesicles are reported to become dispersed through the plastid during a lag period in chlorophyll formation. The length of the lag phase in chlorophyll synthesis appears to be under the control of the red-far-red reversible phytochrome system (15,21), but the relationship between the phytochrome system and changes in plastid fine structure has not yet been defined. In view of the discrepancies between the observations of yon Wettstein's group (5,22,24) and those of Mego and J a g e n d o r f (14), and the uncertainties about the relationship between the phytochrome system and developmental changes in plastid fine structure, we investigated the effect of monochromatic light of various wavelengths between 653 m/z and 730 m/z on plasfid development, using the large biological spectrograph at the Argonne laboratories (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Stages in the Development of Plastid Fine Structure in Red and Far-Red Light

Klein

Bryan

Bogorad

1964

The Journal of Cell Biology

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A B S T R A C TDevelopmental changes in finc structure were studicd in plastids of etiolated bean leaves during the time required for thc protochlorophyllidc-chlorophyllide transformation and the following lag phase prior to chlorophyll accumulation. In agreement with some othcr workers, two distinct stages of change in the fine structure of proplastids werc found to occur upon illumination during this period. The first involves a dissociation of the previously fused units in the prolamellar bodies of the proplastids and occurs simultaneously with the protochlorophyllidc-chloroph)dlidc conversion in light of 655 m#, but not of 682, 700, or 730 m/z. Thc effect of the rod light could not be rcversed by a simultaneously supplicd stronger far-red irradiation. The energy requirements for these structural changes parallel those for the pigment conversion. During the following step the vesicles which arose from the fused units of the prolamcllar body were dispersed in rows through the stroma, and the prolamellar bodies themselves disappeared. For these changes to occur, higher light energies were rcquircd and the leaves had to be illuminated for longer periods. A red preillumination seemed to acceleratc the development somewhat. The structural changes could be induccd by light of 655 m/z, but also, to a lesser degree, of 730 m#. No measurablc additional chlorophyll accumulatcd during this pcriod. Thus, the structural changes obscrved were independent of major changes in pigment content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Changes During the Lag Phase In Chlorophyll Accummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Stages in the Development of Plastid Fine Structure in Red and Far-Red Light

Klein

Bryan

Bogorad

1964

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…As part of the prolamellar body, POR forms a ternary complex together with NADPH and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) (Griffiths, 1974(Griffiths, , 1975(Griffiths, , 1978. Upon illumination, POR photoreduces Pchlide to chlorophyllide (Chlide) (Griffiths, 1978;Mapleston and Griffiths, 1980;Santel and Apel, 1981) and, simultaneously, the prolamellar body begins to break (Virgin et al, 1963;Henningsen, 1970;Henningsen et al, 1993). Kahn (1968) proposed that photoconversion of Pchlide and transformation of the prolamellar body may represent a single, photodependent process.…”

Section: Morphological Cellular and Molecular Events During The Ligmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regulation of Enzymes Involved in Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

Reinbothe

1996

European Journal of Biochemistry

126

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All living organisms contain tetrapyrroles. In plants, chlorophyll (chlorophyll a plus chlorophyll b) is the most abundant and probably most important tetrapyrrole. It is involved in light absorption and energy transduction during photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is synthesized from the intact carbon skeleton of glutamate via the C, pathway. This pathway takes place in the chloroplast. It is the aim of this review to summarize the current knowledge on the biochemistry and molecular biology of the C,-pathway enzymes, their regulated expression in response to light, and the impact of chlorophyll biosynthesis on chloroplast development. Particular emphasis will be placed on the key regulatory steps of chlorophyll biosynthesis in higher plants, such as 5-aminolevulinic acid formation, the production of Mg*+-protoporphyrin IX, and light-dependent protochlorophyllide reduction.

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Chloroplast Development in the Germinating Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius) Cotyledon

Engelbrecht

Weier

1967

American J of Botany

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Proplastids in the mesophyll cells of the cotyledons of mature seeds of safflower are irregular in shape and compressed in narrow corners between the large inclusion bodies, oil vacuoles and protein bodies. The proplastids contain a few irregular internal membranes. During dark germination, sheets or sac‐like membranes are produced by the activity of the inner component of the proplastid envelope. These continuous membranes become reticulate and aggregate to the center of the proplastid to form after seven days' germination a quasicrystalline prolamellar body. The membranes are at first irregularly arranged and are of two sorts: those found in the interior of the developing prolamellar body, composed of laterally connected spherical profiles, and those on the periphery of the prolamellar body, which are continuous smooth sheets. The prolamellar body in these dark‐germinated proplastids reverts after 3 hr of illumination to the irregularly arranged membranous structure of the 5‐day dark germination stage. After 6 hr of illumination membranes grow from the prolamellar body forming concentric loops which, in cross section, appear as concentric circles. These membranes must be nested semi‐spheroids. Small grana appear immediately on these looped membranes close to the prolamellar body. With further illumination additional grana develop along the looped membranes in close proximity to the slowly disappearing prolamellar body. Grana increase in size and number along the looped intergranal membranes. The prolamellar body disappears after 15 hr of illumination. The interconnecting fret membranes, sparse at the 15‐hr stage, increase and after 24‐hr illumination result in the typical grana fretwork system of the mature chloroplast. Membranes are continuously being produced by the invagination of the inner member of the plastid envelope.

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The Physiology of Chlorophyll Formation in Relation to Structural Changes in Chloroplasts

Cited by 156 publications

References 18 publications

Early Stages in the Development of Plastid Fine Structure in Red and Far-Red Light

Early Stages in the Development of Plastid Fine Structure in Red and Far-Red Light

The Regulation of Enzymes Involved in Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

Chloroplast Development in the Germinating Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius) Cotyledon

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