The physiology of free will

Lavazza, Andrea; Inglese, Silvia

doi:10.1113/jp284398

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The Morality dimension is also linked with typological diagnoses: Conduct and Antisocial disorders, and with psychopathy: “They know the words but not the music” ( Cleckley, 1941 ) and display deviant brain functionality ( Johanson et al, 2019 ; De Brito et al, 2021 ). Finally, the core concepts of agency, free will and responsibility, is currently operationalized in terms of brain processing – providing new inputs to the discussion which Aristotle started 2,376 years ago ( Aristotle, 2014 ; Lavazza and Inglese, 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-control in criminology: we need a broader conceptualization and links to psychiatric diagnoses

Levander,

Levander

2024

Front. Psychol.

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BackgroundPoor self-control is a strong correlate of criminal propensity. It is conceptualized and operationalized differently in criminology than in other scientific traditions.Aims(1) To verify the dimensionality of the criminological Grasmick self-control items, other self-regulation items and morality ones. (2) To re-interpret the dimensions using a clinical perspective, a taxonomic/diagnostic model and references to possible “biological underpinnings.” (3) Validate the dimensions by associations with crime.MethodPopulation: all persons born 1995 in Malmö and living there at age 12. A random sample (N = 525) filled in a comprehensive self-report questionnaire on themes like personality, crime/abuse and social aspects at age 15, 16 and 18. Age 18 data were analysed: 191 men and 220 women.ResultsSelf-regulation items were 4-dimensional: ADHD problems (Behavior control and Executive skills) and two Aggression factors. Morality items formed a fifth dimension. Negative Affect and Social interaction factors covered the rest of the variance. The validity of these factors was backed up by correlations with similar items/factors. Self-regulation subscales predicted crimes better than the Grasmick scale; an interaction with morality improved prediction still further. Sex differences were over-all small with three exceptions: Aggression, Morality and Negative affect.ConclusionWe identified four dimensions of the 20-item Grasmick instrument: Cognitive action control (impulsiveness/sensation seeking, response inhibition), Executive skills/future orientation, Affective/aggression reactivity and Aggression control. All should be possible to link to brain functional modules. Much can be gained if we are able to formulate an integrated model of self-regulation including distinct brain functional modules, process-and trait-oriented models, relevant diagnoses and clinical experiences of individual cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-control in criminology: we need a broader conceptualization and links to psychiatric diagnoses

Levander,

Levander

2024

Front. Psychol.

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MultiSentimentArcs: a novel method to measure coherence in multimodal sentiment analysis for long-form narratives in film

Chun

2024

Front. Comput. Sci.

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Affective artificial intelligence and multimodal sentiment analysis play critical roles in designing safe and effective human-computer interactions and are in diverse applications ranging from social chatbots to eldercare robots. However emotionally intelligent artificial intelligence can also manipulate, persuade, and otherwise compromise human autonomy. We face a constant stream of ever more capable models that can better understand nuanced, complex, and interrelated sentiments across different modalities including text, vision, and speech. This paper introduces MultiSentimentArcs, combination of an open and extensible multimodal sentiment analysis framework, a challenging movie dataset, and a novel benchmark. This enables the quantitative and qualitative identification, comparison, and prioritization of conflicting sentiments commonly arising from different models and modalities. Diachronic multimodal sentiment analysis is especially challenging in film narratives where actors, directors, cinematographers and editors use dialog, characters, and other elements in contradiction with each other to accentuate dramatic tension. MultiSentimentArcs uses local open-source software models to democratize artificial intelligence. We demonstrate how a simple 2-step pipeline of specialized open-source software with a large multimodal model followed by a large language model can approximate video sentiment analysis of a commercial state-of-the-art Claude 3 Opus. To the best of our knowledge, MultiSentimentArcs is the first fully open-source diachronic multimodal sentiment analysis framework, dataset, and benchmark to enable automatic or human-in-the-loop exploration, analysis, and critique of multimodal sentiment analysis on long-form narratives. We demonstrate two novel coherence metrics and a methodology to identify, quantify, and explain real-world sentiment models and modalities. MultiSentimentArcs integrates artificial intelligence with traditional narrative studies and related fields like film, linguistic and cultural studies. It also contributes to eXplainable artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence safety by enhancing artificial intelligence transparency in surfacing emotional persuasion, manipulation, and deception techniques. Finally, it can filter noisy emotional input and prioritize information rich channels to build more performant real-world human computer interface applications in fields like e-learning and medicine. This research contributes to the field of Digital Humanities by giving non-artificial intelligence experts access to directly engage in analysis and critique of research around affective artificial intelligence and human-AI alignment. Code and non-copyrighted data will be available at https://github.com/jon-chun/multisentimentarcs.

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The physiology of free will

Cited by 2 publications

References 50 publications

Self-control in criminology: we need a broader conceptualization and links to psychiatric diagnoses

Self-control in criminology: we need a broader conceptualization and links to psychiatric diagnoses

MultiSentimentArcs: a novel method to measure coherence in multimodal sentiment analysis for long-form narratives in film

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