The Physiology of Growth in Apple Fruits VI. the Control of Respiration Rate and Synthesis

Abstract

Experiments are described which test the hypothesis that the rate of respiration is controlled by the phosphate carrier system in apple tissue.The eff~cts of 2,4-dinitropheno l and adenosine triphosphate on the respiration of cut tissue are consistent with the hypothesis that a more rapid utilization of energy-riCh phosphate at a critical stage could result in the climacteric rise. The interrelations of starch, organic acid and nitrogen metabolism, and respiration are discussed. An increase in the activity of extracted respiratory enzymes at the time of the climacteric rise has been demonstrated.

Enzymic Activity of Particles Isolated from Various Tissues of the Pea Plant

“…While cytological evidence has demonstrated the wide distribution of mitochondria in plant cells (see Newcomer 1951), the biochemical evidence of their ability to oxidize respiratory intermediates via the tricarboxylic acid cycle has been confined to relatively few tissues. Particulate preparations with this ability have been isolated from etiolated seedlings of mung bean (MilleI'd et al 1951) > pea (Davies 1953;Price and Thimann 1954), and lupin (Brummond 1952), the i\rum spadix (Hackett and Simon 1954), potato tubers (Sharpensteen and Conn 1954), cauliflower buds (Laties 1953a), and the fruit of the avocado (Millerd, Bonner, and Biale 1953), and apple (Pearson and Robertson 1954). Little is known of the biochemical properties of such particles occurring in roots, while Brummond (1953) has cast doubt on the localization of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as an integrated system, in cytoplasmic particles in the green leaves of lupins.…”

Ethylene Production and Bruise Injury in Apple1

“…The effect of bruising may not be necessarily localized. In the tomato a partial or complete loss of phosphorylative capacity upon bruising was found to be dependent on the severity of bruising and on the time elapsed after bruising, and complete loss of phosphorylative capacity occurred in a few hours, even though the bruised area was restricted to 1 part of the fruit (16).…”

Development of a dielectric spectroscopy technique for the determination of apple (Granny Smith) maturity

“…The objective of the present study was a further step in the use of dielectric spectroscopy to determine the harvested apples maturity in a rapid and nondestructive way. Hulme, 1958;Pearson & Roberson, 1954;Taiz & Zeiger, 2002).…”