The Physiology of the Urinary Bladder of Amphibia

Bentley, P. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1966.tb01494.x

Cited by 101 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…One hemibladder was used as control and the other as experimental preparation. Net water fluxes along a luted osmotic gradient were measured by gravimetry with the hemibladders mounted as sacs (2). The miUimolax composition of the serosal anuran Ringer's solution was: Na, 110; K, 5; Ca, 2; CI, 124; glucose, 10; and Tris, 5; pH 8.0-8.2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intracellular calcium as a modulator of transepithelial permeability to water in frog urinary bladder.

Hardy¹

1978

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The divalent cation ionophore A 23187 was used to evaluate the action of intracellular calcium on net transepithelial water movement across the isolated frog urinary bladder. Incubation with the ionophore increases the net basal water flux in a dose-dependent fashion but independent of the extracellular calcium concentration. Bladders pretreated with A 23187 and exposed thereafter to an increase in calcium concentration exhibit a water permeability that under certain conditions can be comparable to that achieved with antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Lowering the serosal calcium at the peak of the hydrosmotic responses to both ADH and A 23187 inhibited the maintenance of the net water flux. The action of a supramaximal dose of ADH is blunted in bladders pretreated with A 23187, while the hydrosmotic effects of a submaximal dose are enhanced when the ionophore is added together with the hormone.The results show that an increase in transepithelial water movement can be triggered by calcium and that serosal calcium is needed to sustain the response. This hydrosmotic response may be dependent upon the rate at which intracellular calcium concentrations change and on the absolute concentration attained.It is suggested that calcium is involved in the action of ADH on water permeability and may act as a modulator of the hydrosmotic response.KEY WORDS frog urinary bladder 9 antidiuretic hormone 9 water permeability 9 divalent cation ionophore A 23187 calcium excitationresponse coupling In almost every system in which a cellular response to a stimulus is followed by a rise in adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), a concomitant change in the metabolism of cell calcium has been observed. Calcium ions are involved in the excitation-response sequence of different cells, and their role as second messengers and/or coupling factors (particularly in interrelationship with cyclic nucleotides) has been proposed as a generalized mode of intracellular communication by which a wide variety of cells are activated by specific extracellular messengers (14).In the urinary bladder of amphibia, the addition of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to the serosal (or blood) side elicits an increase in the permeability to sodium (natriferic effect), water (hydrosmotic effect) and other small solutes on the apical (or luminal) membrane. This excitation-permeability coupling has been described as dependent on the activation by the hormone of a membranebound adenylate cyclase, the resulting increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP being the mediator that triggers a poorly defined chain of events leading to the final permeability changes (7, 11).In regard to the possible involvement of calcium in this system, it has been reported that associated with the action of ADH there is a transient increase in the washout of ~Ca of preloaded toad

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As ADH also induces contraction in some types of smooth muscle cells, Bentley hypothesized that the action of ADH on transepithelial water movement and on muscle contraction may involve similar cellular events (2). In all types of muscle cells, calcium is the coupling factor in the excitation-contraction sequence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular calcium as a modulator of transepithelial permeability to water in frog urinary bladder.

Hardy¹

1978

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…The evidence for mediation of cyclic 3',5'-AMP in ADH action has been obtained mainly from studies on transporting epithelia like frog skin and toad bladder. ADH increases sodium transport and water flow along an osmotic gradient in both of these tissues (Fuhrman & Ussing, 1951;Koefoed-Johnsen & Ussing, 1953;Bentley, 1966). ADH, the cyclic nucleotide and theophylline produce indistinguishable effects on sodium transport in the frog skin and toad bladder (Baba, Smith & Townshend, 1967;Orloff & Handler, 1961, 1964.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent action of antidiuretic hormone, theophylline and cyclic 3′,5′‐adenosine monophosphate on cell membrane permeability in frog skin

Cuthbert¹,

Painter²

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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1. The effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), theophylline and cyclic 3′,5′‐adenosine monophosphate (AMP) on membrane potentials in frog skin have been investigated. 2. Membrane potentials across the outer and inner facing membranes were recorded in both normal and current clamped skins. In the latter condition active transport of sodium had been abolished by ouabain or metabolic inhibitors, but ionic gradients were maintained by passing current through the skin from the inside. 3. ADH increases the potential across the outer facing membranes and reduces the skin resistance. The results are consistent with ADH causing an increase in permeability of the outer facing membranes to sodium ions. 4. Theophylline reduces the skin potential by reducing specifically the potential across the outer facing membranes. At the same time the skin resistance is reduced. Theophylline acts by increasing the permeability of the outer facing membranes to chloride ions. 5. Cyclic 3′,5′‐AMP causes a biphasic potential change accompanied by an increase in skin resistance. 6. Metabolic inhibitors block the response of the skin to ADH but not to theophylline. 7. Separate explanations for the increase in sodium transport by ADH, theophylline and cyclic 3′,5′‐AMP are discussed. It is not necessary to involve cyclic AMP in order to explain the effects of either ADH or theophylline.

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“…The localization of adenylate cyclase in the membrane fraction containing CaATPase activity reinforces the conclusion that this membrane component was derived from the contraluminal pole, since it is well known that epithelial cells containing adenylate cyclase systems are activated only when the hormone reaches their serosal surface (32)(33)(34). In addition, since PT hormonesensitive adenylate cyclase has been found to be localized in the contraluminal membrane of the proximal tubule epithelial cell (9,10), it would appear that hormone-sensitive cyclases are similarly localized throughout the nephron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Target Cell Polarity and Membrane Phosphorylation in Relation to the Mechanism of Action of Antidiuretic Hormone

Schwartz

Shlatz

Kinne-Saffran

et al. 1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The plasma membrane of the bovine renal collecting duct epithelial cell has been resolved into its apical (luminal) and basal-lateral (contraluminal) components by free flow electr4iphoresis. The contraluminal, but not the luminal, membrane was found to contain antidiuretic hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase. The luminal membrane was found to contain a cyclic 3': 5'-adenosine monophosphate-sensitive self-phosphorylating system consisting of a membrane-bound protein kinase and its membrane-bound substrate(s); this intrinsic protein kinase was not present in the contraluminal membrane.These Recently we have shown that parathyroid hormone (PT hormone)-sensitive adenylate cyclase is localized in the contraluminal (basal-lateral) but not in the luminal (apical) plasma membranes of rat renal cortical epithelial cells, whereas cAMP-dependent phosphorylation occurs in the luminal but not the contraluminal membranes (9, 10). To determine whether a similar enzymatic distribution occurs in other segments of the nephron, we have investigated the localization of antidiuretic hormone (AD hormone)-sensitive adenylate cyclase and of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the papillary collecting duct epithelium. The results of these studies indicate that AD hormone-stimulated cAMP generation is localized in the contraluminal plasma membrane, whereas cAMP-mediated membrane phosphorylation is localized in the luminal plasma membrane. The latter localization-in conjunction with the well-established luminal site 10 mM triethanolamine-HCl, pH 7.6); all subsequent procedures were carried out at 0-4'. The kidneys were freed from adherent connective tissues and the papillae were removed by careful dissection of the renal pelvis. Six grams of tissue were minced in a small volume of ST-buffer and then diluted to a final volume of 30 ml. Aliquots (10 ml) of the suspension were homogenized in a Dounce homogenizer by five strokes with a loose-fitting pestle. The homogenates were combined and filtered through two layers of cheese cloth and further homogenized by 15 strokes with a tight-fitting pestle. This homogenate was centrifuged at 700 X g for 10 min; the supernatant was centrifuged at 10,000 X g for 10 mmi. The second supernatant was saved and the pellet resuspended in 5 ml of STbuffer. Then 10 ml of ST-buffer was added and the suspension centrifuged for 10 min at 10,000 X g. The resulting supernatant was combined with the "saved" supernatant and the solution was centrifuged at 100,000 X g for 1 hr. The pellet was suspended in 4 ml of electrophoresis buffer (8.5 mM acetic acid, 8.5 mM triethanolamine, and 280 mM sucrose adjusted to pH 7.4 with 2 M NaOH), homogenized with 10 strokes in the tight-fitting Dounce honiogenizer, and diluted to a final volume of 10 ml with the electrophoresis buffer. The resulting preparation, observed by electron microscopy to consist of membrane fragments and vesicles, was used to study the properties of papillary plasma membranes prior to electrophoretic separation.To prepare for electrophoresis, we cent...

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The Physiology of the Urinary Bladder of Amphibia

Cited by 101 publications

References 118 publications

Intracellular calcium as a modulator of transepithelial permeability to water in frog urinary bladder.

Intracellular calcium as a modulator of transepithelial permeability to water in frog urinary bladder.

Independent action of antidiuretic hormone, theophylline and cyclic 3′,5′‐adenosine monophosphate on cell membrane permeability in frog skin

Target Cell Polarity and Membrane Phosphorylation in Relation to the Mechanism of Action of Antidiuretic Hormone

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