The phytohormone crosstalk paradigm takes center stage in understanding how plants respond to abiotic stresses

Abstract

The highly coordinated, dynamic nature of growth requires plants to perceive and react to various environmental signals in an interactive manner. Elaborate signaling networks mediate this plasticity in growth and the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The fluctuations of stress-responsive hormones help alter the cellular dynamics and hence play a central role in coordinately regulating the growth responses under stress. Recent experimental data unequivocally demonstrated that interactions among various phytohormones are the rule rather than exception in integrating the diverse input signals and readjusting growth as well as acquiring stress tolerance. The presence of multiple and often redundant signaling intermediates for each phytohormone appears to help in such crosstalk. Furthermore, there are several examples of similar developmental changes occurring in response to distinct abiotic stress signals, which can be explained by the crosstalk in phytohormone signaling. Therefore, in this brief review, we have highlighted the major phytohormone crosstalks with a focus on the response of plants to abiotic stresses. The recent findings have made it increasingly apparent that such crosstalk will also explain the extreme pleiotropic responses elicited by various phytohormones. Indeed, it would not be presumptuous to expect that in the coming years this paradigm will take a central role in explaining developmental regulation.

Cross Talk between Nitric Oxide and Phytohormones Regulate Plant Development during Abiotic Stresses

“…It is well established that both NO and AUX interplay during growth and development of plant roots [29,30]. Association of AUX with ET to regulate root morphology and development is considered a key aspect of drought tolerance in plants [31]. Development of adventitious roots in cucumber hypocotyl cutings involves the cross talk between AUX and NO signaling networks activated by Ca 2+ dependent protein kinase activity [32].…”

Introductory Chapter: Hormonal Regulation in Plant Development and Stress Tolerance

“…Stress-responsive hormones assist in the alteration of cellular dynamics and thus regulating plant growth under stress conditions [3,46]. The interacting actions among hormone signal transduction cascades are called crosstalk and form a signaling network [2,3].…”

Conditional up-regulation of cytokinin status increases growth and survival of sugarcane in water-limited conditions

“…The involvement of hormones in plant water relations is an active area of research (Kohli et al, 2013). Many physiological, metabolic and developmental processes that ultimately impact crop performance and yield are controlled by hormones (Wilkinson et al, 2012, Kohli et al, 2013.…”

“…Many physiological, metabolic and developmental processes that ultimately impact crop performance and yield are controlled by hormones (Wilkinson et al, 2012, Kohli et al, 2013.…”

“…Hormone biosynthesis and its regulation has been a research focus of plant water relations. From cellular and whole plant perspectives, water stress elicits local and systemic hormonal changes that involve biosynthetic and signaling components of hormones abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, cytokinin (CK), auxin, gibberellins (GAs), jasmonic acid (JA) and brassinosteroids (BR) (Kohli et al, 2013). Currently considerable research effort is directed to the interactions of environmental and internal factors to understand plant adaptation to both biotic and abiotic stresses, including water stress , Wilkinson et al, 2012.…”