“…Closely linked to the latter, a common endeavour is the implementation of full management transfer, meaning that the managerial responsibility of the infrastructure at the tertiary canal level (hereinafter referred to as mesqa ) is shifted to farmers. This suggests that social specificities, including the consent of water users, determine the success of irrigation performance (Elarabawy et al, 1998; Hvidt, 1996; Molle, 2019; Salman et al, 2022). If water users are not sufficiently informed, skilled and equipped to carry on doing their tasks, the overall longevity and efficiency of the developed infrastructure become doubtful (Burton, 1993; Levidow et al, 2014; Lopus et al, 2017; Rouzaneh et al, 2021; World Bank, 2016).…”