The Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland

Golonka, Jan; Krobicki, Michał; Waśkowska, Anna

doi:10.7494/geol.2018.44.1.111

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Figure ??d). Although the WSE determination from satellite altimetry is challenging in steep-sided valleys (Jiang et al, 2020b), the difference between our results (2,930 mm/km) and a study by Nyka (2006) (3,200 mm/km) is relatively low for the Dunajec River Gorge.…”

Section: Ground Track Shift Biascontrasting

confidence: 95%

Generation of high-resolution water surface slopes from multi-mission satellite altimetry

Schwatke

Halicki

Scherer

2023

Preprint

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For nearly three decades, satellite radar altimetry has provided measurements of the water surface elevation (WSE) of rivers. These observations can be used to calculate the water surface slope (WSS), which is an essential parameter for estimating flow velocity and river discharge. In this study, we calculate a high-resolution WSS of 11 Polish rivers based on multi-mission altimetry observations from 11 satellites in the period from 1994 to 2022. The proposed approach is based on a weighted such gauge stations adjustment with an additional Laplace condition and an a priori gradient condition. The processing is divided into river sections not interrupted by dams and reservoirs. After proper determination of the WSE for each river kilometer (bin), the WSS between adjacent bins is calculated. To assess the accuracy of the estimated WSS, it is compared with slopes between gauge stations, which are referenced to a common vertical datum. Such gauge stations are available for 8 investigated rivers. The root mean squared error (RMSE) ranges from 3 mm/km to 80 mm/km, with an average of 26 mm/km. However, the mean RMSE decreases to 10 mm/km when the 2 mountain rivers are excluded. The WSS accuracies are also compared with those of slope datasets based on digital elevation models, ICESat-2 altimetry, and lidar. For 6 rivers the estimated WSS showed the highest accuracy. The improvement was particularly significant for mountain rivers. The proposed approach allows an accurate, high-resolution WSS even for small and medium-sized rivers and can be applied to almost any river worldwide.

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Section: Ground Track Shift Biascontrasting

confidence: 95%

Generation of high-resolution water surface slopes from multi-mission satellite altimetry

Schwatke

Halicki

Scherer

2023

Preprint

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“…Molluscan assemblages in sediments of a landslide on Majerz Hill near Niedzica (Inner Carpathians, Southern Poland)... The proportion of shales in the sequence is slightly higher than that of sandstones and is approximately 60-70% (Kulka et al 1985, Birkenmajer 1999, Golonka et al 2018.…”

Section: Fig 1 Location Of the Majerz Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

Molluscan assemblages in sediments of a landslide on Majerz Hill near Niedzica (Inner Carpathians, Southern Poland) – phases of development and environmental changes

Alexandrowicz

2022

geol

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A detailed malacological analysis was made of sediments associated with a small landslide which had developed on the north-eastern slope of Majerz Hill near Niedzica (Inner Carpathians, Southern Poland). The age of the development and environmental changes associated with particular phases of the landslide was determined by means of radiocarbon dating. The analyses made it possible to distinguish two periods of landslide activation falling on the turn of the Early/Middle Holocene and on the Late Holocene (probably on the Iron Age Cold Period). These phases are closely related to periods of increased mass movements, both of landslides and debris flows in other European mountains, stages of glacial advance in the Alps, periods of increased fluvial activity in rivers and elevated water levels in European lakes. The molluscan assemblages also enabled the reconstruction of environmental conditions before the landslide formation, during periods of dormancy, and after the end of its activity.

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“…It is built up of Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments of extremely variable lithology. They were deposited in a paleogeographic realm comprising two basins separated by the Czorstyn ridge which was overridden by the accretionary prism of the Outer Western Carpathians during Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (Golonka et al 2018). The destruction of this ridge led to the formation of submarine slumps and olistoliths in the Pieniny Klippen Belt and along the southern margin of the Magura Nappe (Golonka et al 2015, Marzec et al 2020, the innermost of the Outer Western Carpathian nappes (Fig.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Last scene in the large scale rotations of the Western Carpathians as reflected in paleomagnetic constraints

Márton

2020

geol

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This paper provides an overview of the paleomagnetic results which constrain the post-Paleogene tectonic development of the Western Carpathians. A group of these results are relevant to the last stage of the Tertiary folding and thrusting of the Silesian, Dukla and Magura nappes of the Outer Western Carpathian and were obtained from Paleogene-Lower Miocene flysch sediments. Both the pre- and post-folding remanences indicate about 50° CCW vertical axis rotation with respect to the present orientation. This is about a 60° rotation relative to stable Europe. It follows that the general orientation of the Silesian and more internal nappes were NW-SE, at least until the mid-Miocene. The CCW vertical axis rotation was co-ordinated with that of the Central Carpathian Paleogene Basin. The termination of the rotation can be estimated from the paleomagnetic data available from the Pieniny andesites which intruded the Pieniny Klippen Belt and the southern part of the Magura Nappe as well as from those obtained for the Neogene intramontane basins which opened up in the Outer and in the Central Western Carpathians. The paleomagnetic vectors for the andesites form two groups. The first group suggests about 45° CCW rotation relative to north, while the second shows no rotation. At the present stage of our knowledge it seems likely that some of the andesite bodies were intruded around 18 Ma, which is the oldest isotope age for the intrusions of the Wżar Mts, while some other bodies could have been emplaced after the rotation, around 11 Ma, which is the youngest isotope age for the Brijarka quarry. Vertical axis CCW rotation was also observed on sediments older than 11.6 Ma in the Orava-Nowy Targ Intramontane Basin which saddles the Magura Nappe and the Central Carpathian Paleogene Basin. However, this rotation was related to fault zone activity and was not attributed to the general rotation of the Outer Western Carpathian nappe system. Paleomagnetic results from the Nowy Sącz Intramontane Basin, which opened over the Magura Nappe, and those for the Central Western Carpathian Turiec Intramontane Basin do not indicate vertical axis rotation. In the first case, the loosely controlled age limit of the termination of the rotation is around 12 Ma. Well constrained results from the second basin imply that the rotation was definitely over by 8 Ma. Based on the above observations, and aware of the problem of often loose age control on the formation and deformation of the deposits of the intramontane basins, it is tentatively concluded that the large scale CCW rotation of the Central Western Carpathians, together with the Magura, Dukla and Silesian nappes, must have started after 18 Ma and terminated around 11 Ma.

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The Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Generation of high-resolution water surface slopes from multi-mission satellite altimetry

Generation of high-resolution water surface slopes from multi-mission satellite altimetry

Molluscan assemblages in sediments of a landslide on Majerz Hill near Niedzica (Inner Carpathians, Southern Poland) – phases of development and environmental changes

Last scene in the large scale rotations of the Western Carpathians as reflected in paleomagnetic constraints

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