The pigments of Brevibacterium linens: Aromatic carotenoids

Köhl, Werner; Achenbach, Hans; Reichenbach, Hans

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)80090-4

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The major carotenoids synthesized in B. linens are isorenieratene and its hydroxy compounds, which came from lycopene containing 11 CDBs in its backbone (12,15). However, in a heterologous E. coli, B. linens CrtI introduces 13 CDBs in phytoene unlike the original host strain B. linens (15 (Fig. 2B), indicating that four heterologously expressed enzymes-CrtE, CrtB, CrtI, and CrtYcYd-were functionally assembled in E. coli.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, purified Pantoea CrtI could produce a small amount of fully conjugated 3,4,3Ј,4Ј-tetradehydrolycopene under certain in vitro conditions (8). The major carotenoids synthesized in B. linens are isorenieratene and its hydroxy compounds, which came from lycopene containing 11 CDBs in its backbone (12,15). However, in a heterologous E. coli, B. linens CrtI introduces 13 CDBs in phytoene unlike the original host strain B. linens (15 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yellow colored Brevibacterium linens is commonly used as a food colorant by the cheese industry (15). Interestingly, B. linens is known to synthesize aromatic ring-containing carotenoids, isorenieratene and its hydroxy derivatives (6,7,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Redesign, Reconstruction, and Directed Extension of the Brevibacterium linens C ₄₀ Carotenoid Pathway in Escherichia coli

Kim

Park

Schmidt‐Dannert

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In this study, the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Brevibacterium linens DSMZ 20426 were reconstructed, redesigned, and extended with additional carotenoid-modifying enzymes of other sources in a heterologous host Escherichia coli. The modular lycopene pathway synthesized an unexpected carotenoid structure, 3,4-didehydrolycopene, as well as lycopene. Extension of the novel 3,4-didehydrolycopene pathway with the mutant Pantoea lycopene cyclase CrtY 2 and the Rhodobacter spheroidene monooxygenase CrtA generated monocyclic torulene and acyclic oxocarotenoids, respectively. The reconstructed ␤-carotene pathway synthesized an unexpected 7,8-dihydro-␤-carotene in addition to ␤-carotene. Extension of the ␤-carotene pathway with the B. linens ␤-ring desaturase CrtU and Pantoea ␤-carotene hydroxylase CrtZ generated asymmetric carotenoid agelaxanthin A, which had one aromatic ring at the one end of carotene backbone and one hydroxyl group at the other end, as well as aromatic carotenoid isorenieratene and dihydroxy carotenoid zeaxanthin. These results demonstrate that reconstruction of the biosynthetic pathways and extension with promiscuous enzymes in a heterologous host holds promise as a rational strategy for generating structurally diverse compounds that are hardly accessible in nature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Redesign, Reconstruction, and Directed Extension of the Brevibacterium linens C ₄₀ Carotenoid Pathway in Escherichia coli

Kim

Park

Schmidt‐Dannert

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Brown-colored species that synthesize BChl e as their main antenna BChl and that generally grow at greater depths in stratified lakes primarily make the dicyclic carotenoids isorenieratene and/or ␤-isorenieratene (51), as well as small quantities of OH-chlorobactene glucoside laurate (27). The actinobacteria are the only other lineage in which isorenieratene biosynthesis has been confirmed (30,31,32,45), and the function of isorenieratene in these species is still unknown, although it may be related to responses to blue or UV light (31,49). In actinobacteria, as in the GSB, CrtU oxidizes the ␤-ring and transfers the C-17 methyl group from the C-1 to the C-2 of the ring (21,32).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isorenieratene Biosynthesis in Green Sulfur Bacteria Requires the Cooperative Actions of Two Carotenoid Cyclases

2008

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The cyclization of lycopene to ␥-or ␤-carotene is a major branch point in the biosynthesis of carotenoids in photosynthetic bacteria. Four families of carotenoid cyclases are known, and each family includes both monoand dicyclases, which catalyze the formation of ␥-and ␤-carotene, respectively. Green sulfur bacteria (GSB) synthesize aromatic carotenoids, of which the most commonly occurring types are the monocyclic chlorobactene and the dicyclic isorenieratene. Recently, the cruA gene, encoding a conserved hypothetical protein found in the genomes of all GSB and some cyanobacteria, was identified as a lycopene cyclase. Further genomic analyses have found that all available fully sequenced genomes of GSB encode an ortholog of cruA. Additionally, the genomes of all isorenieratene-producing species of GSB encode a cruA paralog, now named cruB. The cruA gene from the chlorobactene-producing GSB species Chlorobaculum tepidum and both cruA and cruB from the brown-colored, isorenieratene-producing GSB species Chlorobium phaeobacteroides strain DSM 266 T were heterologously expressed in lycopene-and neurosporene-producing strains of Escherichia coli, and the cruB gene of Chlorobium clathratiforme strain DSM 5477 T was also heterologously expressed in C. tepidum by inserting the gene at the bchU locus. The results show that CruA is probably a lycopene monocyclase in all GSB and that CruB is a ␥-carotene cyclase in isorenieratene-producing species. Consequently, the branch point for the synthesis of mono-and dicyclic carotenoids in GSB seems to be the modification of ␥-carotene, rather than the cyclization of lycopene as occurs in cyanobacteria.

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“…La couleur jaune-orange de B linens est relativement stable (Khol et al, 1983). Elle est en rapport avec le changement de couleur caractéristique de l'orange au rouge carmin des cellules de cette bactérie en présence d'alcali forts (Grecz et Dack, 1961 ;Jones et al, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Mise au point d'une méthode de mesure de la concentration totale en cellules de Brevibacterium linens à la surface d'un fromage à pâte molle et croûte lavée

Oumer

Leclercq-Perlat

Bergère

et al. 1996

Lait

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Résumé -Une méthode de mesure de la concentration totale en cellules de Brevibacterium linens ATCC 9175 en surface d'un fromage est développée. Dans un premier temps, la mise au point de cette méthode est réalisée dans un milieu liquide, puis, appliquée au cas du fromage. Cette méthode est fondée sur la solubilisation des pigments cellulaires par le méthanol. Les meilleures conditions d'extraction correspondent à une incubation de 1 h à 25 "C à partir du culot cellulaire provenant d'une culture en milieu liquide. En présence de fromage, il est nécessaire d'éliminer au préalable les matières grasses solubilisées par le méthanol en laissant l'extrait méthanolique 1 h à 4 "C.

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The pigments of Brevibacterium linens: Aromatic carotenoids

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

Redesign, Reconstruction, and Directed Extension of the Brevibacterium linens C ₄₀ Carotenoid Pathway in Escherichia coli

Redesign, Reconstruction, and Directed Extension of the Brevibacterium linens C ₄₀ Carotenoid Pathway in Escherichia coli

Isorenieratene Biosynthesis in Green Sulfur Bacteria Requires the Cooperative Actions of Two Carotenoid Cyclases

Mise au point d'une méthode de mesure de la concentration totale en cellules de Brevibacterium linens à la surface d'un fromage à pâte molle et croûte lavée

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The pigments of Brevibacterium linens: Aromatic carotenoids

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

Redesign, Reconstruction, and Directed Extension of the Brevibacterium linens C 40 Carotenoid Pathway in Escherichia coli

Redesign, Reconstruction, and Directed Extension of the Brevibacterium linens C 40 Carotenoid Pathway in Escherichia coli

Isorenieratene Biosynthesis in Green Sulfur Bacteria Requires the Cooperative Actions of Two Carotenoid Cyclases

Mise au point d'une méthode de mesure de la concentration totale en cellules de Brevibacterium linens à la surface d'un fromage à pâte molle et croûte lavée

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Redesign, Reconstruction, and Directed Extension of the Brevibacterium linens C ₄₀ Carotenoid Pathway in Escherichia coli

Redesign, Reconstruction, and Directed Extension of the Brevibacterium linens C ₄₀ Carotenoid Pathway in Escherichia coli