The pill and women’s sexuality

Graham, Cynthia A.

doi:10.1136/bmj.l335

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Package inserts and some studies suggest that psychological side effects such as mood changes and decreased libido may also arise (e.g., Lee et al, 2017;Lindh et al, 2009;Sanders et al, 2001;Westhoff et al, 2007). However, as Graham (2019) noted, little research has investigated the link between the pill and sexual functioning in general. According to Graham, one of the most consistent findings in the research that does exist is the variability in women's experience with the pill: While some women showed improved sexual functioning related to pill use, some showed adverse effects, and some showed no changes at all.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Contraception and Sexuality: Causal Effects, Unobserved Selection, or Reverse Causality?

Botzet

Gerlach

Driebe

et al. 2021

Collabra: Psychology

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Many of the women who take hormonal contraceptives discontinue because of unwanted side effects, including negative psychological effects. Yet scientific evidence of psychological effects is mixed, partly because causal claims are often based on correlational data. In correlational studies, possible causal effects can be difficult to separate from selection effects, attrition effects, and reverse causality. Contraceptive use and, according to the congruency hypothesis, congruent contraceptive use (whether a woman’s current use/non-use of a hormonal contraceptive is congruent with her use/non-use at the time of meeting her partner) have both been thought to influence relationship quality and sexual functioning. In order to address potential issues of observed and unobserved selection effects in correlational data, we studied a sample of up to 1,179 women to investigate potential effects of contraceptive use and congruent contraceptive use on several measures of relationship quality and sexual functioning: perceived partner attractiveness, relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and diary measurements including libido, frequency of vaginal intercourse, and frequency of masturbation. No evidence for substantial effects was found except for a positive effect of hormonal contraceptives on frequency of vaginal intercourse and a negative effect of hormonal contraceptives on frequency of masturbation. These effects were robust to the inclusion of observed confounders, and their sensitivity to unobserved confounders was estimated. No support for the congruency hypothesis was found. Our correlational study was able to disentangle, to some extent, causal effects of hormonal contraceptives from selection effects by estimating the sensitivity of reported effects. To reconcile experimental and observational evidence on hormonal contraceptives, future research should scrutinize the role of unobserved selection effects, attrition effects, and reverse causality.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Contraception and Sexuality: Causal Effects, Unobserved Selection, or Reverse Causality?

Botzet

Gerlach

Driebe

et al. 2021

Collabra: Psychology

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“…Segundo Graham (2019), os diversos efeitos colaterais sexuais das pílulas foram negligenciados em diversos estudos realizados ao longo dos anos, pois a maioria deles não usava como parâmetro as mudanças sexuais adversas que as mulheres experimentavam após o início da contracepção oral. Estudos mais recentes relacionaram a diminuição de libido à queda de progesterona com a hipótese de que algumas mulheres poderiam ser mais sensíveis aos efeitos da testosterona, no entanto ainda não é conhecido nenhum marcador de sensibilidade à testosterona em mulheres.…”

Section: Efeitos Dos Anticoncepcionais Hormonais Na Sexualidade Femininaunclassified

“…Estudos mais recentes relacionaram a diminuição de libido à queda de progesterona com a hipótese de que algumas mulheres poderiam ser mais sensíveis aos efeitos da testosterona, no entanto ainda não é conhecido nenhum marcador de sensibilidade à testosterona em mulheres. Após 60 anos da introdução da pílula, ainda não é conhecido o mecanismo exato que provoca a diminuição dos pensamentos e excitação sexual, já que há poucos estudos acerca desse tema, há diversas formulações e doses hormonais disponíveis das pílulas e envolve inúmeras questões psicossociais, culturais e hormonais (Graham, 2019).…”

Section: Efeitos Dos Anticoncepcionais Hormonais Na Sexualidade Femininaunclassified

A relação entre o uso de anticoncepcionais hormonais e a sexualidade feminina: uma revisão integrativa

Hasegawa¹,

Cavalcante²,

Ferraz³

et al. 2022

RSD

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Objetivo: Discutir o impacto do uso de anticoncepcionais orais hormonais na sexualidade da mulher. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando as bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library (SciELO), PUBMED e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe (LILACS). Resultados: A análise da temática foi dividida em três tópicos: os tipos de anticoncepcionais orais hormonais, as alterações hormonais e as manifestações clínicas na mulher e os efeitos dos anticoncepcionais hormonais na sexualidade feminina. A sexualidade feminina é influenciada por diversos fatores, tanto os fisiológicos quanto os relacionados ao meio e ao estilo de vida. Nesse contexto, incluem-se também as medicações, por exemplo, o uso de contraceptivos orais hormonais, que podem causar alterações no organismo da mulher, algumas que melhoram a qualidade de vida das usuárias como a escolha pela anticoncepção, regularização do ciclo menstrual, diminuição das manifestações da tensão pré-menstrual; e outras que podem interferir no comportamento e na diminuição da libido, interferindo diretamente na sexualidade da mulher.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Contraception and Sexuality: Causal Effects, Unobserved Selection, or Reverse Causality?

Botzet¹,

Gerlach²,

Driebe³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Many of the women who take hormonal contraceptives discontinue because of unwanted side effects, including negative psychological effects. Yet scientific evidence of psychological effects is mixed and, partly because causal claims are often based on correlational data. In correlational studies, possible causal effects can be difficult to separate from selection effects, attrition effects, and reverse causality. Contraceptive use and, according to the congruency hypothesis, congruent contraceptive use (whether a woman’s current use/non-use of a hormonal contraceptive is congruent with her use/non-use at the time of meeting her partner) have both been thought to influence relationship quality and sexual functioning. In order to address potential issues of observed and unobserved selection effects in correlational data, we studied a sample of up to 1,179 women to investigate potential effects of contraceptive use and congruent contraceptive use on several measures of relationship quality and sexual functioning: perceived partner attractiveness, relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and diary measurements including libido, frequency of vaginal intercourse, and frequency of masturbation. No evidence for substantial effects was found except for a positive effect of hormonal contraceptives on frequency of vaginal intercourse and a negative effect of hormonal contraceptives on frequency of masturbation. These effects were robust to the inclusion of observed confounders, and their sensitivity to unobserved confounders was estimated. No support for the congruency hypothesis was found. Our correlational study was able to disentangle, to some extent, causal effects of hormonal contraceptives from selection effects by estimating the sensitivity of reported effects. To reconcile experimental and observational evidence on hormonal contraceptives, future research should scrutinize the role of unobserved selection effects, attrition effects, and reverse causality.

show abstract

The pill and women’s sexuality

Abstract: Sexual side effects have been neglected for far too long

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Hormonal Contraception and Sexuality: Causal Effects, Unobserved Selection, or Reverse Causality?

Hormonal Contraception and Sexuality: Causal Effects, Unobserved Selection, or Reverse Causality?

A relação entre o uso de anticoncepcionais hormonais e a sexualidade feminina: uma revisão integrativa

Hormonal Contraception and Sexuality: Causal Effects, Unobserved Selection, or Reverse Causality?

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