The Pilot Knob iron ore deposits in southeast Missouri, USA: A high-to-low temperature magmatic-hydrothermal continuum

Tunnell, Bolorchimeg N.; Locmelis, Marek; Seeger, Cheryl M.; Mathur, Ryan; Dunkl, İstván; Sullivan, Brandon James; Lori, Lisa M.

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103973

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…For Fe and O isotopic fingerprints, only data for natural magnetite are available . The δ 18 O and δ 56 Fe values of magnetite ores were reported to be −8.5‰ to 7.8‰ and −0.92‰ to 1‰, respectively. ,− ,, Herein, we constructed a comprehensive sample library covering three main sources (first level), two chemical species (second level), and three synthetic methods (third level) to address the hierarchical problem of MPs’ traceability. The isotope fingerprints of MPs in three hierarchical levels are shown in Figure a,b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precisely Identifying the Sources of Magnetic Particles by Hierarchical Classification-Aided Isotopic Fingerprinting

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Magnetic particles (MPs), with magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) as the most abundant species, are ubiquitously present in the natural environment. MPs are among the most applied engineered particles and can be produced incidentally by various human activities. Identification of the sources of MPs is crucial for their risk assessment and regulation, which, however, is still an unsolved problem. Here, we report a novel approach, hierarchical classification-aided stable isotopic fingerprinting, to address this problem. We found that naturally occurring, incidental, and engineered MPs have distinct Fe and O isotopic fingerprints due to significant Fe/O isotope fractionation during their generation processes, which enables the establishment of an Fe–O isotopic library covering complex sources. Furthermore, we developed a three-level machine learning model that not only can distinguish the sources of MPs with a high precision (94.3%) but also can identify the multiple species (Fe3O4 or γ-Fe2O3) and synthetic routes of engineered MPs with a precision of 81.6%. This work represents the first reliable strategy for the precise source tracing of particles with multiple species and complex sources.

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