The pilot study: Sphingomyelin-fortified milk has a positive association with the neurobehavioural development of very low birth weight infants during infancy, randomized control trial

Tanaka, Kyoko; Hosozawa, Mariko; Kudo, Noriko; Yoshikawa, Naomi; Hisata, Ken; Shoji, Hiromichi; Shinohara, Koichi; Shimizu, Toshiaki

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2012.03.004

Cited by 165 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…More recently, Park and Fulgoni [102] observed better global cognitive function in adults and aged individuals who consumed milk goods as compared with those who abstained from such products. Also, supplementation of infant formula with MFGM improved cognitive function in infants [103]; similar effects on neurobehavioral development of very low birth weight infants during infancy have been reported after the consumption of SM-fortified milk [104].…”

Section: Effects Of Pl On Neurological Disorders and Cognitive Impairmentioning

confidence: 81%

Relevance of dietary glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to human health

Castro-Gómez

García-Serrano

Visioli

et al. 2015

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

150

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Section: Effects Of Pl On Neurological Disorders and Cognitive Impairmentioning

confidence: 81%

Relevance of dietary glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to human health

Castro-Gómez

García-Serrano

Visioli

et al. 2015

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

150

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“…It has been proposed that, specifically, LCPUFAs may be better utilised if supplied in PLs owing to increased absorption and tissue incorporation (Abrahamse et al, 2012). Furthermore, as constituents of the membranes of all cells in the infant, PLs are involved in a variety of physiological processes, but these are usually not expected to be influenced by dietary intake of PLs (German, 2011;Küllenberg et al, 2012;Oosting et al, 2012;Tanaka et al, 2013). Few studies have looked at functional consequences of inclusion of PLs in IF.…”

Section: Molecular Speciation Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the essential composition of infant and follow-on formulae

Products¹

2014

EFSA Journal

280

124

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the essential composition of infant and follow-on formula. This opinion reviews the opinion provided by the Scientific Committee on Food in 2003 on the essential requirements of infant and follow-on formulae in light of more recent evidence and by considering the Panel's opinion of October 2013 on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. The minimum content of a nutrient in formula proposed in this opinion is derived from the intake levels the Panel had considered adequate for the majority of infants in the first six months of life in its previous opinion and an average amount of formula consumed during this period. From a nutritional point of view, the minimum contents of nutrients in infant and follow-on formula proposed by the Panel cover the nutritional needs of virtually all healthy infants born at term and there is no need to exceed these amounts in formulae, as nutrients which are not used or stored have to be excreted and this may put a burden on the infant's metabolism. Therefore, the Panel emphasises that maximum amounts should be interpreted not as target values but rather as upper limits of a range which should not be exceeded. There is scientific consensus that breast milk is the preferred food for all healthy infants and provides an adequate supply of all nutrients to support growth and development (with the exception of vitamin K during the first weeks of life and of vitamin D). Whereas the composition of infant formula remains stable over time, breast milk composition changes continuously and therefore infant formula cannot imitate breast milk. © EuropeanAll formulae intended for infants must be safe and suitable to meet the nutritional requirements and promote growth and development of infants born at term when used as a sole source of nutrition during the first months of life, and when used as the principal liquid element in a progressively diversified diet after the introduction of appropriate complementary feeding. Nutrients and substances should be added to formulae for infants only in amounts that serve a nutritional or other benefit. The addition in amounts higher than those serving a benefit or the inclusion of unnecessary substances in formulae may put a burden on the infant's metabolism and/or on other physiological functions, as substances which are not used or stored have to be excreted.The minimum content of a nutrient in formula proposed in this opinion is derived from the intake levels the Panel had considered adequate for the majority of infants in the first half of the first year of life in its previous opinion and an average amount of daily energy intake from formula during this period (500 kcal/day). These minimum amounts should be understood as target values which cover the nutritional needs of virtually all infants born at term for optimal growth and devel...

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“…A trial on formula enriched with sphingomyelin in preterm infants reported neurobehavioral benefits [11] . In a small trial in Indonesia, the addition of a ganglioside-rich bovine milk lipid fraction was reported to improve the hand and eye coordination IQ, performance IQ, and total IQ assessed with the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale at the age of 24 weeks [12] .…”

Section: Milk Fat Globules and Complex Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Lipids

2016

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Human milk lipids provide the infant with energy and essential vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive components. Adding complex lipids and milk fat globule membranes to vegetable oil-based infant formula has the potential to enhance infant development and reduce infections. Cholesterol provision with breastfeeding modulates infant sterol metabolism and may induce long-term benefits. Some 98-99% of milk lipids are comprised by triacylglycerols, whose properties depend on incorporated fatty acids. Attention has been devoted to the roles of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic (ARA) acids. Recent studies on gene-diet interaction (Mendelian randomization) show that breastfeeding providing DHA and ARA improves cognitive development and reduces asthma risk at school age particularly in those children with a genetically determined lower activity of DHA and ARA synthesis. It appears prudent to follow the biological model of human milk in the design of infant formula as far as feasible, unless conclusive evidence for the suitability and safety of other choices is available. The recent European Union legislative stipulation of a high formula DHA content without required ARA deviates from this concept, and such a novel formula composition has not been adequately evaluated. Great future opportunities arise with significant methodological progress for example in lipidomic analyses and their bioinformatic evaluation, which should enhance understanding of the biology of human milk lipids. Such knowledge might lead to improved dietary advice to lactating mothers as well as to further opportunities to enhance infant formula composition.

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The pilot study: Sphingomyelin-fortified milk has a positive association with the neurobehavioural development of very low birth weight infants during infancy, randomized control trial

Cited by 165 publications

References 31 publications

Relevance of dietary glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to human health

Relevance of dietary glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to human health

Scientific Opinion on the essential composition of infant and follow-on formulae

Human Milk Lipids

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