The place of fieldwork in geography education

A Proposal for Geography Competence Assessment in Geography Fieldtrips for Sustainable Education

“…According to existing literature on geographic fieldwork, fieldwork is any subjectrelated arena in an outdoor setting for supervised learning via first-hand experience [10], and includes field teaching, field trip, field research, or field camp [11]. Fieldwork, whichever type of activity is involved [12], stands out as a defining feature of the discipline and a relevant learning mode with pedagogical benefits for students [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Both geography fieldwork and fieldtrips provide first-hand, direct experience of the real world, help promote active learning [15,19,[23][24][25][26][27][28], and offer relevant conceptual, cognitive, procedural, and social benefits to students [29].…”