The placenta as a site of cytomegalovirus infection in guinea pigs

Griffith, Brigitte P.; McCormick, Stanley R.; Fong, C. K. Y.; Lavallee, Jacquelyn T.; Lucia, Helen L.; Goff, Elizabeth

doi:10.1128/jvi.55.2.402-409.1985

Cited by 100 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The placenta is regarded as a site of congenital CMV infection and infection of the placenta is thought to be a necessary step for transmission of CMV infection into fetuses (Griffith et al 1985).…”

Section: Susceptibility Of the Cerebral Subventricular Zone To MCMVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cytomegalovirus infection on embryogenesis and brain development

Tsutsui

2009

Congenital Anomalies

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Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant cause of brain disorders, such as microcephaly, mental retardation, hearing loss and visual disorders in humans. The type and severity of brain disorder may be dependent on the stage of embryonic development when the congenital infection occurs. Developmental disorders may be associated with the type of embryonic cells to which CMV is susceptible and the effects of the infection on the cellular functions of these cells. Early murine embryos, including embryonic stem (ES) cells, are not susceptible to CMV infection. A part of the embryonic cells acquire susceptibility during early development. Mesenchymal cells are the targets of infection at midgestation, affecting organogenesis of the brain, eyes and oral-facial regions. In contrast to ES cells, neural stem progenitor cells (NSPC) from fetal brains are susceptible to murine CMV (MCMV) infection. The viral infection inhibits proliferation and differentiation of the NSPC to neuronal and glial cells in addition to induction of neuronal cell loss. These cellular events may cause brain malformations, such as microcephaly and polymicrogyria. Furthermore, MCMV persists in neuronal cells in developing brains, presumably resulting in neuronal dysfunction.

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Section: Susceptibility Of the Cerebral Subventricular Zone To MCMVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cytomegalovirus infection on embryogenesis and brain development

Tsutsui

2009

Congenital Anomalies

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“…or placental route 21 of CMV infection in embryos. The placenta is regarded as a site of congenital CMV infection, and infection of the placenta is thought to be a necessary step for transmission of CMV into the fetus 25,26 . Because it has been reported that transplacental infection does not occur in mice, 27 the placenta was directly infected with MCMV and embryos were examined at the end of gestation.…”

Section: Susceptibility Of Nsp Cells In the Developing Mouse Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of neural stem progenitor cells in cytomegalovirus infection of the brain in mouse models

Tsutsui

Kosugi

Kawasaki

et al. 2008

Pathology International

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most significant infectious cause of brain disorders in humans. Although the brain is the principal target organ for CMV infection in infants with congenital infection and in immunocompromised patients, little has been known about cellular events in pathogenesis of the brain disorders. Mouse models have been developed by the authors for studying the cell tropism, infectious dynamics of CMV infection and the effects of CMV infection on proliferation, regeneration and differentiation of neural cells. It has been shown, using brain slice cultures and neurospheres, that neural stem progenitor (NSP) cells are the most susceptible to CMV infection in developing brains. The NSP cells are also susceptible to CMV infection in adult and aged brains. The susceptibility can be enhanced by stimulation of neurogenesis. It was shown that latent murine CMV infection occurs in NSP cells by demonstrating the reactivation in brain slice culture or neurospheres. It is hypothesized that CMV brain disorder such as microcephaly is caused by disturbance of cellular events in the ventricular regions, including proliferation and differentiation of the neural stem cells, whereas neurons are also targets in persistent CMV infection, presumably resulting in functional disorders such as mental retardation.

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“…The placenta is regarded as a site of congenital CMV infection and infection of the placenta is thought to be a necessary step for transmission of CMV infection into fetuses [27,28]. It has been reported that transplacental transmission with MCMV does not occur in the mouse [29] presumably because of the three trophoblastic layers of the mouse placenta, which is different from the placentas of human and guinea pigs.…”

Section: Susceptibility Of Developing Mouse Brains To MCMVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropathogenesis in cytomegalovirus infection: indication of the mechanisms using mouse models

2005

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent infectious cause of developmental brain disorders and also causes brain damage in immunocompromised individuals. Although the brain is one of the main targets of CMV infection, little is known about the neuropathogenesis of the brain disorders caused by CMV in humans because of the limitations in studying human subjects. Murine CMV (MCMV) is similar to human CMV (HCMV) in terms of genome structure, pattern of gene expressions, cell tropism and infectious dynamics. In mouse models, it has been shown that neural stem/progenitor cells are the most susceptible to CMV infection in developing brains. During brain development, lytic infection tends to occur in immature glial cells, presumably causing structural disorders of the brain. In the prolonged phase of infection, CMV preferentially infects neuronal cells. Infection of neurons may tend to become persistent by evasion of immune reactions, anti-apoptotic effects and neuron-specific activation of the e1-promoter, presumably causing functional neuronal disorders. It has also been shown that CMV infection in developing brains may become latent in neural immature cells. Brain disorders may occur long after infection by reactivation of the latent infection.

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The placenta as a site of cytomegalovirus infection in guinea pigs

Cited by 100 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of cytomegalovirus infection on embryogenesis and brain development

Effects of cytomegalovirus infection on embryogenesis and brain development

Roles of neural stem progenitor cells in cytomegalovirus infection of the brain in mouse models

Neuropathogenesis in cytomegalovirus infection: indication of the mechanisms using mouse models

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