The plant coumarins auraptene and lacinartin as potential multifunctional therapeutic agents for treating periodontal disease

Abstract

Background Periodontal diseases are bacterial infections leading to chronic inflammation disorders that are frequently observed in adults. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of auraptene and lacinartin, two natural oxyprenylated coumarins, on the growth, adherence properties, and collagenase activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis . We also investigated the capacity of these compounds to reduce cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and to inhibit MMP-9 activity. Methods Microplate dilution assays were performed to determine the effect of auraptene and lacinartin on P. gingivalis growth as well as biofilm formation stained with crystal violet. Adhesion of FITC-labeled P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells was monitored by fluorometry. The effects of auraptene and lacinartin on LPS-induced cytokine and MMP secretion by macrophages were determined by immunological assays. Fluorogenic assays were used to evaluate the capacity of the two coumarins to inhibit the activity of P. gingivalis collagenase and MMP-9. Results Only lacinartin completely inhibited P. gingivalis growth in a complex culture medium. However, under iron-limiting conditions, auraptene and lacinartin both inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis . Lacinartin also inhibited biofilm formation by P. gingivalis and promoted biofilm desorption. Both compounds prevented the adherence of P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells, dose-dependently reduced the secretion of cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-α) and MMP-8 and MMP-9 by LPS-stimulated macrophages, and inhibited MMP-9 activity. Lacinartin also inhibited P. gingivalis collagenase activity. Conclusions By acting on multiple targets, including pathogenic bacteria, tissue-destructive enzymes, and the host inflammatory response, auraptene and lacinartin may be promising natural compounds for preventing and treating periodontal diseases.

Effectiveness of Home-Based Cupping Massage Compared to Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain—A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…These results are mostly in line with past studies on cupping in chronic non-specific neck pain [12]–[15] which found single traditional cupping [15] or five applications of different types of dry cupping [12]–[14] better than waiting-list controls; comparable with the observed effects in the present study. Because the effect in the progressive muscle relaxation group was almost as large as that in the cupping massage group, no significant group difference was found.…”

“…While past studies’ treatments were delivered by professionals in clinical environments, the present study used home-based treatment. The present study also had a longer treatment interval (12 weeks) rather than the single treatment [15] or five treatments over two week patterns adopted elsewhere [12]–[14].…”

“…A previous study of cupping massage for chronic non-specific neck pain [14] led current researchers to expect a statistically significant between group difference of −14.3 mm (Cohen’s d = 0.66) on the VAS. Given an effect size of d = 0.66, and a two-sided level 5% t-test, 76 patients would be needed to detect such a group difference with a statistical power of 80%.…”

“…Although cupping massage from a physician in a clinical setting might be effective [12], [14], no research has yet been conducted into the effects of a home-based cupping massage program.…”

Inhibitory activities of selected Sudanese medicinal plants on Porphyromonas gingivalis and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and isolation of bioactive compounds from Combretum hartmannianum (Schweinf) bark

“…Terchebulin, and to a lesser extent flavogalonic acid dilactone showed combined activity against P. gingivalis and MMP-9 (Table 4). Marquis et al [40] reported that polyphenols reduced MMP-9 activity and P. gingivalis growth; since polyphenols were reported to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, they might be of interest as therapeutic agents for controlling periodontal diseases, which involved both pathogenic bacteria and host immune responses.

Fig. 2Flavogallonic acid dilactone.

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