The Plant Nuclear Envelope and Its Role in Gene Transcription

Abstract

Chromosomes are dynamic entities in the eukaryotic nucleus. During cell development and in response to biotic and abiotic change, individual sections as well as entire chromosomes re-organise and reposition within the nuclear space. A focal point for these processes is the nuclear envelope (NE) providing both barrier and anchor for chromosomal movement. In plants, positioning of chromosome regions and individual genes at the nuclear envelope has been shown to be associated with distinct transcriptional patterns. Here, we will review recent findings on the interplay between transcriptional activity and gene positioning at the nuclear periphery (NP). We will discuss potential mechanisms of transcriptional regulation at the nuclear envelope and outline future perspectives in this research area.

Resolving the Cohenian paradox in judicial probability theory

“…Recent genome-wide high throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analyses in both diploid and polyploid plant species revealed extensive inter-and intrachromosomal interactions that define higher-order chromosomal packing during interphase (Bi et al, 2017;Dong et al, 2018;Concia et al, 2020). Both the spatial positioning (nuclear envelope tethering) and the three-dimensional organization of chromatin are tightly linked to local epigenetic states and can profoundly influence chromatin activities, such as transcription regulation and the timing of DNA replication (Grob et al, 2014;Wear et al, 2017;Karaaslan et al, 2020;Sakamoto et al, 2020;Bishop et al, 2021).…”

Image analysis workflows to reveal the spatial organization of cell nuclei and chromosomes

“…In addition, although they largely borrow examples from plant nuclei and chromosomes, they remain transferable to the study of animal nuclei. Indeed, the organization of the nucleus, including the nuclear envelope, chromatin domains and chromosomes, share common organizing principles in plants and animals [15][16][17][18] The workflows associated with each case study are briefly described below and are illustrated in the related figures. Each workflow is associated with a Supplemental File folder that includes a step-by-step guideline (text); a table summarizing the main step functions and parameters used on the training image; one or two training images per workflow; and, for workflow 1, a video tutorial.…”