The plastics integrated assessment model (PLAIA): Assessing emission mitigation pathways and circular economy strategies for the plastics sector

Stegmann, Paul; Daioglou, Vassilis; Londo, Marc; Junginger, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.mex.2022.101666

Cited by 15 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This section provides an overview of the methodology behind the Plastics Integrated Assessment model (PLAIA) used for this article. We describe the model in much more detail in a separate publication 196 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth in plastic demand shown in Figure 4.1a implies a further increase in the GHG emissions of plastic production if there are no significant changes in feedstock and process energy use. The PLAIA model determines the use of coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, and plastic waste as feedstock or process energy based on the endogenously modelled economic competitiveness of these resources and the respective plastic production pathways 196 . Furthermore, the model includes the secondary energy carriers electricity and heat, mainly used in plastic polymerisation, transformation into products, and recycling.…”

Section: Scenarios Of Feedstock Use and Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not all plastic types and products can be mechanically recycled, and the quality of plastics declines with use and mechanical recycling 204,205 . Therefore, complementary chemical recycling via pyrolysis plays a growing role in the circular economy scenario (see Figure 4.5 in the Appendix), even though also pyrolysis is not suitable for all types of plastic waste 196,205 .…”

Section: Benefits Of Circular Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demand for the upstream chemical products was already defined in the NEDE model 45 : it is based on historical, country-specific production capacity data 139,145,211 in relation to GDP/cap development, assuming a utilisation rate of 90% 45 . We improved the representation of steam cracker outputs and refinery products to represent the full range of chemical intermediates used in plastic production, using average steam cracker yields and material flow analysis data 5,196 . The future plastic and chemical demand is driven by projections on GDP and population development based on the second shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP2) 138 .…”

Section: Modelling Plastic Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we present the Plastics Integrated Assessment model (PLAIA) 196 , which covers the entire life-cycle of plastics, from the upstream chemical production to the downstream production of plastic polymers, their transformation into plastic products, their use in different sectors, and their end of life. As part of the integrated assessment model IMAGE 136 , PLAIA interacts with the energy and agricultural sectors and with the climate, water, and land systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growing in circles: A circular bioeconomy for plastics

Stegmann¹

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Introduction 1.1 Climate change & the impact of the plastics sector 1.2 Strategies for reducing GHG emissions and resource consumption in the plastics and chemicals sector 1.3 A circular bioeconomy for plastics 1.4 Assessing the GHG emissions and resource consumption reduction potential of a circular bioeconomy for plastics 2 The circular bioeconomy: Its elements and role in European bioeconomy clusters 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Materials and methods 2.2.1 CBE Literature review 2.2.2 Interviews with representatives of bioeconomy clusters 2.2.3 Analysing the cluster activities and strategies in the context of the CBE 2.3 Results 2.3.1 Defining the CBE and its elements 2.3.2 Strategies in European bioeconomy clusters 2.4 Discussion 2.4.1 Implementation of CBE elements in the clusters 2.4.2 Towards a sustainable, circular bioeconomy? 2.5 Conclusions and recommendations 2.6 Appendix A: Publications on the CBE concept 2.7 Appendix B: Keyword allocation to topics 2.8 Appendix C: Considered documents and homepages of the bioeconomy clusters 2.9 Appendix D: Comparison of keyword use in CBE and BE publications 2.10 Appendix E: Examples of biorefinery plants and concepts in the clusters3 The plastics integrated assessment model (PLAIA): Assessing emission mitigation pathways and circular economy strategies for the plastics sector 3.1 Overview of the model 3.1.1 Purpose of the model 3.1.2 The Non-energy demand and emissions (NEDE) model 3.1.3 Steps to enhance and further develop the NEDE model 3.1.4 Overview of the Plastics Integrated Assessment model (PLAIA) 3.2 Creating demand curves for chemicals from steam cracking 3.3 Integrating plastics demand into the model 3.3.1 Overview 3.3.2 Determining the energy content of plastics 3.3.3 Defining the upstream sources of plastic production 3.3.4 Adding refinery-sourced olefins to the model 3.3.5 Determining the demand for plastics 3.4 Primary plastic production 3.4.1 Upstream monomer production 3.4.2 Polymer production 3.4.3 Polymer transformation into products 3.5 Plastic stocks & plastic waste generation 3.6 Plastic waste collection 3.7 Plastic waste treatment 3.7.1 Overview 3.7.2 Data & assumptions for the waste treatment options 3.7.3 Defining the market shares of the waste treatment options 3.8 Carbon accounting 3.9 Model outputs 3.10 Discussion of limitations 3.10.1 Modelling the demand for plastics 3.10.2 Waste collection 3.10.3 Data bias, omissions, and simplified assumptions 3.10.4 Technological learning 3.10.5 Limitations in carbon accounting 3.10.6 Recommendations for further research 3.11 Appendix 4 Plastic futures and their CO 2 emissions 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Plastic production, waste, and stocks 4.3 Scenarios of feedstock use and emissions 4.4 Carbon storage and negative emissions 4.5 Benefits of circular strategies 4.6 Towards a sustainable plastics sector 4.7 Methods 4.7.1 The model framework 4.7.2 Modelling plastic demand 4.7.3 Plastic production 4.7.4 Waste treatment 4.7.5 Carbon accounting 4.7.6 Scenarios 4.7.7 Discussion of limitations and sensitivities 4.8 Append...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scenarios Of Feedstock Use and Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%