“…Spielmann et al (2013) developed a six-item scale to measure the construct, with such items as, "As I get older, it will become harder and harder to find someone." The scale has been shown to have excellent validity and reliability (Adamczyk et al, 2021;Fonseca, Gouveia, Santos, Couto, & Coelho, 2017;Spielmann et al, 2013), and is associated with, but distinct from, other psychological dispositions such as attachment anxiety (Spielmann et al, 2013;Spielmann, Maxwell, MacDonald, Peragine, & Impett, 2020). Young women may be especially prone to FOBS for the same cultural, normative, biological, and structural reasons discussed above that could lead members of their close ties to push them to find a partner.…”