“…ﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗ ﻮل ﺣ ﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤ ﺎرف ﻣﻌ ﻌﻒ ﺿ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎت اﻟﺪراﺳ ﻦ ﻣ ﺪ اﻟﻌﺪﯾ ﺪ وﺗﺆﻛ ﮭﺎ ﺗﺪرﯾﺴ ﻲ ﻓ ﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﯾ ﺪ واﻟﻔﻮاﺋ ، ﯿﺎت اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿ . ( Abrantes, 1998;Carvalho da Silva, 2001b;Fasanelli, 2000;Führer, 1991;Furinghetti, 1997;Stander, 1989;Thomaidis, 1991;Tzanakis&Arcavi, 2000), Arcavi, Bruckheimer, & Ben−Zvi, 1982;Bidwell, 1993;Fauvel, 1991;Reimer & Reimer, 1995;Tzanakis &Arcavi, 2000;van Maanen, 1997;Wilson &Chauvot, 2000).…”