The political economy of early COVID-19 interventions in U.S. states: Comment

Lee, Sang Yoon

doi:10.1016/j.jedc.2022.104304

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Finally, while our study found various fluctuations in the incidence of AMI among COVID-19 cases, as lockdown protocols were heavily State-dependent, and the NIS does not contain State-related data, it is vital to encourage additional retrospective studies which can help understand how lockdowns impacted the incidence as well as the quality of care and outcomes of such patients [62][63][64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Disparities and Outcomes in the First and Second Year of the Pandemic on Events of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

Dhaliwal,

Sekhon,

Rajotia

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused several cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in infected patients. This study aims to understand the overall trends of AMI among COVID-19 patients during the first two years of the pandemic and the disparities and outcomes between the first and second years. Materials and Methods: The retrospective analysis was conducted via the 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for hospitalizations between April 2020 and December 2021 being analyzed for adults with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 who experienced events of AMI. A comparison of month-to-month events of AMI and mortality of AMI patients with concomitant COVID-19 was made alongside their respective patient characteristics. Results: Out of 2,541,992 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 3.55% experienced AMI. The highest rate of AMI was in December 2021 (4.35%). No statistical differences in trends of AMI mortality were noted over the 21 months. AMI cases in 2021 had higher odds of undergoing PCI (aOR 1.627, p < 0.01). They experienced higher risks of acute kidney injury (aOR 1.078, p < 0.01), acute ischemic stroke (aOR 1.215, p < 0.01), cardiac arrest (aOR 1.106, p < 0.01), need for mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.133, p < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (aOR 1.032, 95% CI 1.001–1.064, p = 0.043). Conclusions: The incidence of AMI among COVID-19 patients fluctuated over the 21 months of this study, with a peak in December 2021. COVID-19 patients reporting AMI in 2021 experienced higher overall odds of multiple complications, which could relate to the exhaustive burden of the pandemic in 2021 on healthcare, the changing impact of the virus variants, and the hesitancy of infected patients to seek care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Disparities and Outcomes in the First and Second Year of the Pandemic on Events of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

Dhaliwal,

Sekhon,

Rajotia

et al. 2024

Medicina

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“…Due to its unprecedented nature, the Covid pandemic has been characterized by policy uncertainty, where leaders faced a trade‐off between imposing stringent measures to limit the contagion and minimizing economic costs, and where policy changes were difficult to predict several weeks in advance. As Lee (2022) states, “Covid‐19 was as much a political game piece as it was a public health and economic crisis.” Under those circumstances, policymakers were able to adjust both the restrictive policies aimed to contain the spread of the pandemic and economic support policies aimed at reducing the economic costs of the restrictive policies on biweekly or monthly basis. Such frequent changes imply that the pandemic period can be used as a natural setting for re‐evaluation of the political cycles theory in a unique setup encompassing the world economy and featuring relatively homogeneous policymaking across countries.…”

Section: Background and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elections and policies: Evidence from the Covid pandemic

Grechyna

2024

Kyklos

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This paper explores the impact of political elections on public policies during the Covid pandemic, distinguishing between economic (supportive) and noneconomic (restrictive) policies in a panel of countries that held political elections during 3 years of pandemic, 2020–2022. An event study, controlling for the evolution of the pandemic in terms of Covid cases and deaths, as well as country and time fixed effects, reveals significant adjustments in the Covid‐related restrictive, lockdown‐type, policies but not in the Covid‐related economic support policies before political elections during the first half of the pandemic. The pre‐election policy adjustments included a gradual easing of the restrictions before elections and were driven by the changes in the restrictions that were more likely to directly affect the electorate, such as the restrictions on workplace closing, gatherings, and public events. The presence of the pre‐election restrictions adjustment is conditional on the economic and political characteristics of the country, such as the state of democracy, the degree of political competition, the overall restrictions stringency, and the income level.

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The political economy of early COVID-19 interventions in U.S. states: Comment

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Disparities and Outcomes in the First and Second Year of the Pandemic on Events of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

Disparities and Outcomes in the First and Second Year of the Pandemic on Events of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

Elections and policies: Evidence from the Covid pandemic

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