The Political Economy of European Wine Regulations

Meloni, Giulia; Swinnen, Jo

doi:10.1142/9789813232754_0007

Cited by 33 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Moreover, other laws were introduced linking the "quality" of the wine, to its production region (the terroir) and the traditional way of producing wine. The system of Appellations d'Origine Contrôlées (AOC) was born (for details see Meloni and Swinnen, 2013). 2016a). The increased tariffs on wine and raisins imports had major implications for exporters of wine and raisins.…”

Section: French Vineyard Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

Meloni

Swinnen

2017

SSRN Journal

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Section: French Vineyard Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European wine sector is a particularly interesting sector to study the use of standards as non-tariff instruments because they have been so pervasive, particularly in countries where the wine sector and trade was a very important sector for the economy (Meloni and Swinnen, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

Meloni

Swinnen

2017

SSRN Journal

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“…Adding sugars to grape must, a process called chaptalisation, is a common technology in some high-latitude wine regions in which grapes are unripe in some years (Christoph et al, 2015). However, chaptalisation is prohibited by law in many countries (Meloni & Swinnen, 2013). Moreover, it cannot be guaranteed that chaptalisation will improve the wine quality of unripe grapes (Casassa et al, 2013), because chaptalised wines lack the polyphenols, pigments and aroma components found in fine wines (Peynaud, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Suspension Freeze-concentration Technology on the Quality of Wine

Zhang

Sun

Sheng

et al. 2016

SAJEV

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One of the factors that inhibits the development of the Chinese wine industry is that the sugar content of the grape feedstock is insufficient. In order to produce wine with better qualities using these materials, concentrating the grape juice could be a good alternative to adding sugars. In this study, suspension freezeconcentration technology was applied to concentrating grape juice with a low sugar content. The freezeconcentrated grape juice was made into red and white wines separately. In the control group, red and white wines were made from chaptalized (sugar-enriched) grape juice. The physical and chemical indexes, sensory evaluation results and polyphenolic content of the wine were analysed to evaluate the practicality of applying the freeze-concentration technology in the wine industry. The results show that, after removing ice every 30 min for approximately 14 h with a -18°C coolant, grape juice with an initial sugar content of 14°Brix reached 23°Brix. Both the red wines and white wines made from freeze-concentrated grape juice were of a higher quality than the wines made from chaptalised grape juice. Moreover, the phenolic content was concentrated, which may provide health benefits. Thus, suspension freeze-concentration technology is a promising alternative to traditional chaptalisation technology.

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“…46 The EU provides grubbing-up premiums to winegrowers who permanently (and voluntarily) abandon existing vineyards. Under this scheme, wine-growers can decide, on a voluntary basis, to eliminate "all vine stocks on a parcel planted with vines" and replace them with other agricultural crops and apply for funding for abandoning their vineyards (the grubbing-up premium) (Meloni and Swinnen, 2013 Major problems of enforcement of the EU planting rights system received a lot of publicity in 2012 when the European Commission fined Greece, Italy and Spain for a total of 250 million euros because of 120,000 hectares illegally planted vineyards, around 8% of total vineyard area. For instance, in Italy more than 24,000 hectares (equal to about 34,000 soccer fields) of illegal vine planting were found (73% of them were found in the Puglia region, in southern Italy) (Corsentino, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Within the first category, there are two subcategories: Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) wines and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) wines, with PDO as the highest quality level (Meloni and Swinnen, 2013). 61 The decision was a compromise between the European Parliament that wanted a longer scheme (until 2030) but a lower limit for large vineyards (0.5%) and the Council of Ministers that wished for a higher maximum yearly increase (2%) but a different end-date (2024 and not 2030) (AGRA FACTS, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Political and Economic History of Vineyard Planting Rights in Europe: From Montesquieu to the European Union

Meloni

Swinnen

2016

J Wine Econ

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In 2008, the EU voted to liberalize its system of planting rights which has strictly regulated vine plantings in the EU. However, after an intense lobbying campaign the liberalization of the planting right system was overturned in 2013 and new regulations could create an even more restrictive system. European wine associations have complained about the detrimental effects of the new regulations. There is a precedent in history. In 1726, the French political philosopher and landowner Montesquieu complained to the French King about the prohibition on planting new vines. Montesquieu was not successful in his demands to remove the system of planting rights. Old and recent history suggests that political forces against liberalization of planting rights are very strong. Only the French Revolution in 1789 led to a fundamental liberalization of planting rights. The "liberal period" of the 19 th century was sustained by the combination of the French Revolution's liberal ideology, the thirst for wine of Napoleon's armies and diseases that wiped out most of the French vineyards.That said, in the past and the present, enforcement of planting rights is a major problem. In fact, despite the official restrictions, Montesquieu managed to plant his vines, allowing him to become a successful wine producer and merchant and to travel and to spend time thinking, discussing and ultimately writing up his ideas which influenced much of the Western world's constitutions. (

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The Political Economy of European Wine Regulations

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

Effect of Suspension Freeze-concentration Technology on the Quality of Wine

The Political and Economic History of Vineyard Planting Rights in Europe: From Montesquieu to the European Union

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