The Politics of Combined and Uneven Development: The Theory of Permanent Revolution

Narkiewicz, O; Löwy, Michaël; Page, Stanley W.

doi:10.2307/1869349

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Fakat eşitsiz gelişen kapitalizmin yarattığı "zamansallıkta gecikmeler" nedeniyle bu toplum tipine geç giren ülkelerde burjuva devrimleri demokratik değil, "tepeden" ya da "yukarıdan" devrimler olarak meydana gelmiştir. Burjuva devrimleri 19. yüzyıl ortalarından sonra bu ikinci biçimin varyasyonlarıyla ilerlemiştir (Löwy, 2010;Savran, 2022: 83-84). Tepeden devrimler, meydana geldikleri her ülkenin özgül koşulları, bu özgül koşulların uluslararası ilişkilerle nasıl bir etkileşim içinde olduğu ve uluslararası ilişkilere nasıl etkilerde bulunduğuna göre farklı biçimlere bürünmüştür.…”

Section: Sondan Başa: Burjuva Devriminden Burjuvayaunclassified

Kayıp Burjuvazinin Peşinde: İlk Kemalistler Üzerine Bir Sınıf Analizi

ATILGAN

2023

Çalışma Ve Toplum

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Bu makale, ilk Kemalistlerin sınıfsal konumları üzerinedir. Millî Mücadele ile Cumhuriyetin kuruluş sürecinde gerçekleşen Türkiye’deki burjuva devriminin öncüleri olan ilk Kemalistlerin toplumsal sınıflarla ilişkisi hakkında iki tür yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. Birinci yaklaşıma göre ulusu kurtaran ve cumhuriyeti kuran ilk Kemalistler sınıf-aşırı bir konumdadır. İkinci yaklaşıma göre ise ilk Kemalistler bağımsız bir sınıftır. Modern Türkiye’nin kuruluş sürecinde bir burjuva sınıfının olmadığı konusunda birleşen bu yaklaşımların ortak yanı ilk Kemalistlere toplumsal sınıfların oluşumunu engelleme ya da toplumsal sınıfları yaratma gücü atfetmeleridir. “Kayıp burjuvazi”nin peşine düşen bu makale ise daha farklı bir yaklaşıma sahiptir ve ilk Kemalistleri toplumsal sınıfların içinde konumlandırmayı önermektedir. Makalede Türkiye’deki burjuva devrim süreci Karl Marx’ın sınıf kavramını kullanımındaki esneklikten, Eşitsiz ve Bileşik Gelişme Kuramının geliştirdiği geniş bakış açısından ve Althusserci okulun bazı kavramlarının adaptasyonundan yararlanılarak yeniden tartışılmıştır. Bu tartışma çerçevesinde İlk Kemalistler Türkiye burjuvazisinin asli bir bileşeni olarak konumlandırılmıştır. Ancak bu konum sabit ve ebedi bir konum olarak değerlendirilmemiştir.

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Section: Sondan Başa: Burjuva Devriminden Burjuvayaunclassified

Kayıp Burjuvazinin Peşinde: İlk Kemalistler Üzerine Bir Sınıf Analizi

ATILGAN

2023

Çalışma Ve Toplum

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“…In Trotsky's original writings, U&CD appeared mostly with reference to global capitalism and geopolitical competition in the age of empires, although Trotsky at some point remarked that 'unevenness' is 'the most general law of the historic process' (Trotsky, 2008: 4). Whereas some authors focus on the specifically capitalist character of U&CD (Ashman, 2009;Löwy, 2010), Rosenberg's (2010) reading extends U&CD beyond the modern period, and Anievas and Nişancıoğlu (2015) have shown that the origin of capitalism itself can be investigated through U&CD. This debate apparently has little relevance for contemporary political economy analysis, but it carries deep consequences for the way capitalism and U&CD are conceptualised.…”

Section: Uandcd In Gpe: Work In Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

A system of mutual dependence and antagonism: exploring the potential of uneven and combined development within Global Political Economy

Antunes De Oliveira,

Germann,

Rolf

2023

Global Political Economy

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U&CD scholarship has made vital conceptual and analytical contributions to international relations and international historical sociology scholarship during recent decades. However, so far, it has mainly focused on the longue durée of capitalist transitions rather than contemporary analyses of the dynamics, crises and policy shifts within the global political economy. A small body of literature has recently begun to apply a U&CD conceptual toolkit towards just such ends. In this special issue, we showcase a range of original thought and empirical work which advances the U&CD perspective within the growing and critically oriented field of global political economy. Transcending the pitfalls of orthodox liberal and realist approaches, U&CD draws a direct link between ruptures, contradictions and crises in the global economy and its ongoing division into a multiplicity of nominally sovereign territorial political units. Focusing on a breadth of divisions and antagonisms across lines of class, race, gender and nationality, the articles contained herein point to the immense potential for creative applications of U&CD to play a role in GPE scholarship as it emerges from the grip of the stifling orthodoxies of international political economy.

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“…However, the intellectual lineages of these theories go further back to the early twentieth century and to the Marxist conceptualizations of imperialism and capitalism in world historical development. As early as 1913, in The Accumulation of Capital Rosa Luxemburg (2003) presented a theory of the global expansion of capitalism through imperialism, while Leon Trotsky used the concept of uneven and combined development to analyze the peculiar conditions of the Russian Empire leading up to the 1917 revolution (Dunford & Liu 2017;Löwy 2010). Another central figure is Immanuel Wallerstein (1979Wallerstein ( , 1983Wallerstein ( , 2004, whose worldsystems analysis provided the tools to analyze uneven capitalist development through the core, periphery, and semi-periphery divisions.…”

Section: The Geographies Of Depoliticizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial politics of depoliticization: Visionary planning, bioeconomy, and forest capital

Kellokumpu

2023

NGP

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Depoliticization is a pivotal political strategy that defines the contemporary governance of core capitalist democracies. This thesis asks how depoliticization manifests itself as a political strategy in the spatial restructuring of the Finnish state space. The spatial politics of depoliticization are examined by the three thesis articles, which focus on visionary planning in urban politics, the legitimation of the forest bioeconomy in the public sphere, and Finnish forest capital’s attempt to influence the state’s strategic direction. These perspectives provide a holistic view of the various depoliticizing and politicizing tendencies, as well as the political and economic contradictions affecting spatial change in Finland. The thesis examines the societal base of depoliticization by focusing on how capitalist social relations and the capitalist mode of production condition the constitution and differentiation of societal spheres. The differentiation of the economic and the political sphere and the resulting ecological dominance of “the economy” under capitalism provides a unique setting for depoliticization to appear in the form of economization. Acts of demarcation between the political and the economic spheres are based on ontological abstraction, which then faces humanity as a real and concrete product of social activity. The thesis applies strategic-relational state theory and the theories of uneven development to examine depoliticization. Depoliticization emerges in the context of competing growth models that have a diverging conception of the spatial division of labor in Finland. Amidst urbanization, the urban growth-focused city-regionalist model posits a “winner takes all” spatial structure in which a few select urban areas compete against their global counterparts to attract capital and investment. In contrast, the bioeconomy model seeks to halt the rural decline by transforming the resource-dependent regional economies into ostensibly more sustainable production models, thereby reinvigorating a dispersed spatial structure. Article I analyzes the depoliticization of visionary planning in the case of the Oulu City Center Vision 2040 project by observing and engaging with policy documentation, research reports, planning events, and the vision itself. Article II examines the depoliticization of the bioeconomy in the context of the 2019 parliamentary elections in Finland through a collection of newspaper articles and items between July 2018 and January 2020. Article III investigates the forest conglomerate UPM’s attempt to politicize the Kaipola paper mill shutdown in August 2020 by using statistical data, the public strategies of UPM, and the online and news media around the Kaipola debate. The cultural political economy (CPE) approach developed prominently by Jessop and Sum forms the overarching methodological framework of the thesis and focuses on the dialectics of materiality and discursivity in political-economic imaginaries. The thesis applies CPE-inspired critical discourse analysis to examine the spatial politics of depoliticization. The overall contribution of the thesis reveals how the material interdependence of the political sphere with other societal spheres and the social totality of capitalist society produces a specific place for politics that conditions its operational autonomy. The spatial politics of depoliticization are unfolded through the divergent political-economic imaginaries of state spatial development to which different capital fractions, political parties, and regional and class interests are attached. Conceptual stretching and expansive uses of depoliticization are recognized as key and very vexatious problems in the literature. To retain the analytical clarity of depoliticization, the thesis argues that depoliticization should be better grounded in the material developments of each context, evading pan-politicism with more exclusive notions of politics, and even radically decentering politics and the political in the analyses of depoliticization. The normative critique of depoliticization should move from the level of critiquing politics to a critique of the social totality which produces a specific place for politics.

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The Politics of Combined and Uneven Development: The Theory of Permanent Revolution

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Kayıp Burjuvazinin Peşinde: İlk Kemalistler Üzerine Bir Sınıf Analizi

Kayıp Burjuvazinin Peşinde: İlk Kemalistler Üzerine Bir Sınıf Analizi

A system of mutual dependence and antagonism: exploring the potential of uneven and combined development within Global Political Economy

The spatial politics of depoliticization: Visionary planning, bioeconomy, and forest capital

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