The polyamines and their catabolic products are significant players in the turnover of nitrogenous molecules in plants

Abstract

Polyamines (PAs) are nitrogenous molecules which play a well-established role in most cellular processes during growth and development under physiological or biotic/abiotic stress conditions. The molecular mode(s) of PA action have only recently started to be unveiled, and comprehensive models for their molecular interactions have been proposed. Their multiple roles are exerted, at least partially, through signalling by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which is generated by the oxidation/back-conversion of PAs by copper amine oxidases and PA oxidases. Accumulating evidence suggests that in plants the cellular titres of PAs are affected by other nitrogenous compounds. Here, we discuss the state of the art on the possible nitrogen flow in PAs, their interconnection with nitrogen metabolism, as well as the signalling roles of PA-derived H(2)O(2) during some developmental processes and stress responses.

Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling

“…PAs can enhance H 2 O 2 production via Put, Spd, or Spm catabolism (Su et al, 2006;Alcázar et al, 2010;Wimalasekera et al, 2011;Moschou et al, 2012;Pál et al, 2015). H 2 O 2 plays a dual role in plants: at low concentrations, it serves as a signal molecule, playing a pivotal role in signal transduction network under various stress conditions (Tanou et al, 2009;Jiang et al, 2012;Lizárraga-Paulín et al, 2013); …”

In vivo role ofArabidopsisarginase in arginine metabolism and abiotic stress response

“…Although changes of AtARGAHs expression had no significant effect on upstream ArticLe AddenduM the production of nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species (ROS). [6][7][8][9][10][11][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Among multiple signaling molecules, NO and polyamines might be ideal candidates to integrate several environment stress responses, but the crosstalk of NO and polyamines is complex and needs to be further dissected. 1,4,17 As shown in Figure 1, manipulating the expression of AtARGAHs supplied a good version to investigate the link between NO and polyamines, especially in plant responses to abiotic stress.…”

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Previous research has shown that exogenous application of polyamines could induce a rapid NO production. 1 Recently, it was found that application of nitric oxide donor (sodium nitroprusside) could modulate almost all polyamine metabolism genes' expression (ADC, SAMDC, SPMS, SPDS, etc) and enzyme activities, thus regulated the concentrations of polyamines in Medicago truncatula.…”

Ideas and perspectives: on the emission of amines from terrestrial vegetation in the context of new atmospheric particle formation

“…Betaines, which contain TMA, are widely distributed among higher plants, with a couple of species accumulating betaines (Blunden et al, 2005). Polyamines with manifold physiological functions -such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine -are highly abundant in plants (Moschou et al, 2012).…”