The polycystic ovary syndrome and gynecological cancer risk

Męczekalski, Błażej; Pérez-Roncero, Gonzalo; López‐Baena, María T.; Chedraui, Peter; Pérez‐López, Faustino R.

doi:10.1080/09513590.2020.1730794

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…While Type II endometrial cancers tend to metastasize and are hormone-independent, Type I endometrial cancers are generally considered endocrine-dependent and commonly have mutations in PTEN, members of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and KRAS [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Prolonged unopposed exposure to estrogens through obesity (i.e., estrone), polycystic ovarian syndrome, progesterone-deficient hormone replacement therapy after the menopausal transition, and prolonged tamoxifen use are risk factors in developing Type I endometrial cancer [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Pgrmc1 and Pgrmc2 In Ovarian And Endometrial Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component (PGRMC)1 and PGRMC2 and Their Roles in Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer

Peluso

Pru

2021

Cancers

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Cancers of the female reproductive tract are both lethal and highly prevalent. For example, the five-year survival rate of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer is still less than 50%, and endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women with > 65,000 new cases in the United States in 2020. Among the many genes already established as key participants in ovarian and endometrial oncogenesis, progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC)1 and PGRMC2 have gained recent attention given that there is now solid correlative information supporting a role for at least PGRMC1 in enhancing tumor growth and chemoresistance. The expression of PGRMC1 is significantly increased in both ovarian and endometrial cancers, similar to that reported in other cancer types. Xenograft studies using human ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines in immunocompromised mice demonstrate that reduced expression of PGRMC1 results in tumors that grow substantially slower. While the molecular underpinnings of PGRMCs’ mechanisms of action are not clearly established, it is known that PGRMCs regulate survival pathways that attenuate stress-induced cell death. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of what is known about the roles that PGRMC1 and PGRMC2 play in ovarian and endometrial cancers, particularly as related to the mechanisms through which they regulate mitosis, apoptosis, chemoresistance, and cell migration.

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Section: Pgrmc1 and Pgrmc2 In Ovarian And Endometrial Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component (PGRMC)1 and PGRMC2 and Their Roles in Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer

Peluso

Pru

2021

Cancers

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“…Women with PCOS are known to suffer from an increased risk of endometrial cancer followed by ovarian cancer as compared to women without PCOS 50 . The incidence of breast cancer is similar in women with and without PCOS 41,50,51 . The comorbidity analysis tool, using the method of shared genes, incorrectly predicted the highest risk of comorbidity for breast, followed by ovarian and least for endometrial cancer (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Of these, the role of two hub genes (IL6, STAT3) in the comorbidity of PCOS and selected psychiatric disorders has been reported in literature. Kawamura S et al, reported elevated levels of inflammatory cytokine IL6 in women suffering from PCOS and depression 41 . The negative association of STAT3 with anxiety and depression have been reported by Feng and Shao in PCOS induced rat models 42 Women with PCOS are known to be at higher risk of pregnancy-related disorders as compared to women without PCOS 43,44 .…”

Section: A Estimation Of Comorbidity Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCOSKBR2: a database of genes, diseases, pathways, and networks associated with polycystic ovary syndrome

Sharma

Barai

Kundu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome KnowledgeBase (PCOSKBR2) is a manually curated database with information on 533 genes, 145 SNPs, 29 miRNAs, 1,150 pathways, and 1,237 diseases associated with PCOS. This data has been retrieved based on evidence gleaned by critically reviewing literature and related records available for PCOS in databases such as KEGG, DisGeNET, OMIM, GO, Reactome, STRING, and dbSNP. Since PCOS is associated with multiple genes and comorbidities, data mining algorithms for comorbidity prediction and identification of enriched pathways and hub genes are integrated in PCOSKBR2, making it an ideal research platform for PCOS. PCOSKBR2 is freely accessible at http://www.pcoskb.bicnirrh.res.in/.

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“…Gonzalez et al took biopsies of the endometrium from infertile PCOS patients during ovulation and found that the elevated androgen in PCOS patients interfered with the regulatory balance between androgen receptor and WT1 compared with healthy patients (Gonzalez et al, 2012). WT1 is regarded as a specific and sensitive indicator of serous carcinomas of ovarian origin (Lizneva et al, 2016;Meczekalski et al, 2020), and studies have shown that the expression of WT1 in endometrial carcinoma is closely related to tumor hematopoiesis (Goodarzi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Ha and Pcos Endometriummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For PCOS patients who do not want to become pregnant, the incidence of endometrial carcinoma increases substantially due to the long duration of irregular menstruation. The study conducted by Meczekalski et al showed that the risk of endometrial carcinoma in PCOS patients is approximately three times higher than that of healthy women (Meczekalski et al, 2020). The endometrium contains various immune cells, which, together with cytokines and chemokines, maintain its function (McCartney and Marshall, 2016), and during menstruation, the immune cells and the inflammatory response of the body fluctuate with hormone changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on the Mechanism Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Abnormal Endometrium

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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As a highly dynamic tissue, the endometrium is periodically shed in response to the secretion of estrogen and progesterone. After menarche, the endometrium of healthy women proliferates and differentiates under the action of steroid hormones (e.g., 17β-estradiol and progesterone) that are secreted by the ovaries to provide appropriate conditions for embryo implantation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder in reproductive-aged women, is usually associated with multiple cysts within the ovaries and excess levels of androgen and is characterized by hirsutism, acne, menstrual irregularity, infertility, and increased risk of insulin resistance. Multiple factors, such as anovulation, endocrine-metabolic abnormalities, and inflammation, can disrupt the endometrium in PCOS patients and can lead to endometrial hyperplasia, pregnancy complications, or even cancer. Despite many recent studies, the relationship between PCOS and abnormal endometrial function is still not fully understood. In this review, we investigate the correlation of PCOS patient endometrium with anovulation, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, progesterone resistance, and inflammatory cytokines, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of disorders caused by endometrial dysfunction in PCOS patients.

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The polycystic ovary syndrome and gynecological cancer risk

Cited by 38 publications

References 62 publications

Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component (PGRMC)1 and PGRMC2 and Their Roles in Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer

Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component (PGRMC)1 and PGRMC2 and Their Roles in Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer

PCOSKBR2: a database of genes, diseases, pathways, and networks associated with polycystic ovary syndrome

Research Progress on the Mechanism Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Abnormal Endometrium

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