The Polymerization of p-Chlorostyrene in the Presence of Polymethylacrylate. II<sup>1</sup>

Carlin, Robert B.; Hufford, Duane L.

doi:10.1021/ja01165a105

Cited by 26 publications

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“…The principle of chain transfer initiation can be used for the preparation of graft and (or) block copolymers if a polymer of one kind is dissolved in the presence of a monomer of another kind, and if the mixture is then subjected to polymerization conditions [2][3][4].…”

Section: Chain Transfer Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of block and graft copolymers

Smets

1966

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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The synthetic methods of graft and block copolymerization, which will be discussed in the present paper, can be easily classified on the basis of the reaction mechanisms by which they are formed. From this point of view the only fundamental difference between the synthesis of block and graft copolymers resides in the localization of the reactive sites, either at the end of the chains, either in the side groups; consequently no distinction will be made between the two types of copolymers. The different methods which will be discussed successively are the chain transfer process, the initiation by activation, the chemical method and some ionic mechanism. Condensation reactions of pre‐existing polymers using well known chemical reactions are intentionally neglected in this discussion.

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Section: Chain Transfer Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of block and graft copolymers

Smets

1966

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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“…Whitmore and Gerecht (368) suggest that the mechanism of thermal polymerization of mono-olefins is based on the formation and reactions of allylic free radicals. Carlin and Hufford (66) studied the mechanism of the polymerization of p-ehlorostyrene in the presence of polymethyl methacrylate. The effect of structure and substituents on the polymerization reaction as reflected in changes in the heat of polymerization was reported by Roberts (877).…”

Section: Reaction Mechanisms and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization

Winding¹

1951

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Graft copolymerisation of vinyl monomers on modified cottons. VII. Grafting by chain transfer

Hebeish

Khalil

El‐Rafie

1974

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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Grafting of methyl methacrylate on cellulosic materials by chain transfer under the catalytic influence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was extensively studied. The graft yield is influenced by reaction time, temperature, monomer and initiator concentration, reaction medium and nature of the substrate. In general, the grafting reaction shows an induction period after which the polymerisation proceeds rapidly. The graft yield increases and the induction period decreases by rising the reaction temperature from 50 to 70°C. This is also the case when the monomer concentration was increased from 2 to 6%. Increasing the AIBN concentration up to 0.01 M causes a significant enhancement in grafting while further increase brings about a marked fall in the graft yield. Among the reaction media studied, a water/solvent mixture containing 25% of either methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or acetone seems to constitute a reaction medium where the monomer and initiator are completely miscible and the swelling of cellulose by water is not hindered by the presence of these solvents. Increasing the solvent ratio in the water/solvent mixture causes a considerable decrease in the graft yield. The polymer content of the cellulosic materials, i. e. the graft yield, follows the order: partially carboxymethylated cotton > cotton treated with 12N sodium hydroxide > cyanoethylated cotton > cotton treated with 0.5 N sodium hydroxide > purified cotton. In addition, proof of grafting was provided by the fractional precipitation method.

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The Polymerization of p-Chlorostyrene in the Presence of Polymethylacrylate. II¹

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Formation of block and graft copolymers

Formation of block and graft copolymers

Polymerization

Graft copolymerisation of vinyl monomers on modified cottons. VII. Grafting by chain transfer

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The Polymerization of p-Chlorostyrene in the Presence of Polymethylacrylate. II1

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Formation of block and graft copolymers

Formation of block and graft copolymers

Polymerization

Graft copolymerisation of vinyl monomers on modified cottons. VII. Grafting by chain transfer

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Product

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The Polymerization of p-Chlorostyrene in the Presence of Polymethylacrylate. II¹