The polymerization of xylylene bisdialkyl sulfonium salts

Abstract

Paraxylylene bisdialkyl sulfonium salts can be polymerized in several different ways, yielding addition polymers as well as condensation polymers. The chemistry leads to a variety of polymers including poly(p‐xylylene), poly(p‐xylylidene), poly(xylylene sulfide)s, poly(xylylene oxide)s, and various α‐substituted polyxylylenes such as poly(p‐xylylene‐α‐dialkylsulfonium chloride). Addition polymers form via xylylene diradical intermediates. Condensation polymerization can be effected either by coupling with aldehydes or by nucleophilic displacement reactions.

Recent advances in conjugated polymer energy storage

“…Reductive polymerization is not unheard of, but is rarely employed primarily due to limited applicability. [84][85][86][87] This is possibly one reason p-type polymers are more commonly studied than n-type polymers. Conjugated polymers are most often synthesized in a solution of monomer and electrolyte, but there are examples of solid-state or vapor deposition polymerizations as well.…”

Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cells

“…Common chemical methods to introduce double bond to the polymer include: WittigHorner reaction; Wessling sulfonium precursor method (Wessling, 1985); Gilch route (Gilch & Wheelwright, 1966) and palladium catalyzed coupling reactions. By utilizing Wittig reaction, fully regioregular and regiorandom poly [(2-methoxy-5-((3',7'-dimethyloctyl)oxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV, P1 and P2) were synthesized following the route shown in Scheme 1 .…”

Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Poly(p-Phenylene-Vinylene) Derivatives

“…A general methodology to overcome this problem is to develop a synthetic route that involves a solution-processable polymer precursor. First synthetic route for high quality PPV films with high molecular weights was first introduced by Wessling ( Figure 5) allowed the synthesis of soluble precursors, which can be processed into thin films prior to thermal conversion to PPV (Wessling & Zimmerman, 1968;Wessling, 1985). A potential drawback of the precursor routes is the limited control over polydispersity and molecular weight of the resulting polymer.…”