The polymorphism and structural homology of storage polypeptides (hordein) coded by the Hor-2 locus in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Abstract

Two-dimensional mapping (isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of the polypeptide components of "B" hordein fractions from eight barley varieties of widely different ancestry has been carried out. The relative positions of 47 different polypeptides were mapped, there being between 8 and 16 present in any one variety. The individual polypeptides differed in their distribution patterns; some were present in a number of varieties, while others were restricted to one or two. They also differed in their relative contributions to the total hordein fraction, both within and between varieties. The structural homology of the major polypeptides was compared by cleavage at methionine residues with cyanogen bromide and separation of the peptides on gradient gels. The polypeptides were classified into three groups which gave cleavage patterns with either two (class I), four (class II), or five (class III) low molecular weight bands. Class III polypeptides were found in all eight varieties, but in seven of the varieties class I or class II polypeptides were also present. With one exception, polypeptides migrating in the same position in different varieties gave identical or almost identical patterns. The three classes of polypeptides showed different distributions on the two-dimensional gels. Classes II and III polypeptides had a similar range of isoelectric points (pH 6.5-8.0), but all of the class II polypeptides were of slightly lower molecular weight. Class I polypeptides had a wider range of pI and molecular weight; the most alkaline and the lowest molecular weight polypeptides were in this group. The hordein fractions from a number of other barley varieties were compared with that of Julia. All had major polypeptides which migrated with ones present in Julia, but they differed in the relative amounts of these and in the absence of some polypeptides and the presence of others. B hordein is coded for by a single locus which has been suggested to be a complex multigenic family derived by duplication and divergence of a single gene. The data reported here provide support for this hypothesis and suggest that both mutations in the duplicated genes and recombination within the locus may have contributed to the polymorphism of the polypeptides.

The prolamin storage proteins of cereal seeds: structure and evolution

“…Two-dimensional analyses (Fig. 6a) [91]. Subsequent studies showed that these corresponded hordeins (see [76] and [1 13] [94] and [114].…”

Monoclonal antibodies to hordein polypeptides

“…The Hor2 locus is the most complex with 15-20 members. Horl with 3-6 members and Hor3 with only a few (5,14,19,37). The B-hordein polypeptides are by far the most abundant and may constitute 70% of total hordein, but the proportion of the three groups in the endosperm is highly influenced by nitrogen fertilization (21).…”

Influence of nitrogen nutrition on the amount of hordein, protein Z and β-amylase messenger RNA in developing endosperms of barley

“…The Hor-1 and the Hor-2 loci consist of a number of closely related genes (27,33) and there are indications that the expression of these genes are under separate regulatory control (12,30,32). It has been suggested that the nutritional quality of barley grains could be improved by increasing other more lysine-rich protein components at the expense of hordein (9,41).…”