The polymorphism of HLA antigens in the Chinese

Lee, T. D.; Zhao, Tongmao; Mickey, Ray; Sun, Yiping; Lee, G.; Song, Ci; Cheng, D-H; Zhou, Ming; Ding, Songning; Cheng, Dong; Song, Fuping; Lee, P. Y.; An, J; Mittal, Kamal K.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1988.tb01656.x

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We first identified two unusually strong HLA-A11-restricted epitopes within the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen EBNA3B as encoded by the type 1 Caucasian prototype strain B95.8; these were the immunodominant IVTDFSVIK epitope (EBNA3B codons 416 to 424, called IVT) and the next most dominant AVFDRKSDAK epitope (EBNA3B codons 399 to 408, called AVF) (7,8). Interestingly, these sequences were often mutated in EBV strains prevalent in the populations of lowland Papua New Guinea (6) and southern China (7), both areas where more than 50% individuals carry the HLA A11 allele (15). Furthermore, when the IVT mutations were examined, the corresponding peptide showed reduced affinity for the HLA A11 peptide binding groove as a result of amino acid changes in the primary anchor positions, 2 and 9, where amino acid side chains interact with binding pockets in the groove (16,29).…”

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confidence: 99%

HLA-A11-Restricted Epitope Polymorphism among Epstein-Barr Virus Strains in the Highly HLA-A11-Positive Chinese Population: Incidence and Immunogenicity of Variant Epitope Sequences

Midgley

Bell

Yao

et al. 2003

J Virol

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An individual's CD8؉ -cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent cycle antigens focuses on a small number of immunodominant epitopes often presented by just one of the available HLA class I alleles; for example, HLA-A11-positive Caucasians frequently respond to two immunodominant HLA A11 epitopes, IVTDFSVIK (IVT) and AVFDRKSDAK (AVF), within the nuclear antigen EBNA3B. Here, we reexamine the spectrum of EBV strains present in the highly HLA-A11-positive Chinese population for sequence changes in these epitopes relative to the Caucasian type 1 prototype strain B95.8. The IVT epitope was altered in 61 of 64 Chinese type 1 viruses, with four different sequence variants being observed, and the AVF epitope was altered in 46 cases with six different sequence variants; by contrast, all 10 Chinese type 2 viruses retained the prototype 2 epitope sequences. All but one of the type 1 epitope variants were poorly recognized by IVT-or AVF-specific CTLs in pulse-chase assays of peptide-mediated target cell lysis. More importantly, we screened HLA-A11-positive Chinese donors carrying viruses with known epitope mutations for evidence of epitope-specific CTL memory by enzyme-linked immunospot assays: none of the type 1 variants tested, nor the type 2 prototype, appeared to be immunogenic in vivo. The data remain consistent with the possibility that, during virus-host coevolution, pressure from the host CTL-mediated immune response has given A11 epitopeloss viruses a selective advantage.The principal role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CD8ϩ -cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) response is to control infection by intracellular pathogens, in particular viruses. This reflects the ability of such CTLs to recognize antigenic peptides, derived from the intracellular breakdown of endogenously expressed viral proteins and presented on the surface of infected cells as a complex with MHC class I molecules (25). For any one type of virus in the context of one MHC class I allele, the number of viral peptides that are presented at the surface and induce detectable responses is surprisingly small. Thus, the host CTL response even to viruses with a relatively large coding capacity is often focused on two or three immunodominant epitopes presented in the context of one or more MHC alleles (28). Consequently, for viruses which establish chronic infections and which have error-prone replication mechanisms, viral progeny carrying mutations in immunodominant epitopes may enjoy a selective advantage in the host. In humans, this is best illustrated by the evolution of CTL escape mutants of human immunodeficiency virus in infected individuals progressing to AIDS (9, 22).The situation is quite different for agents such as herpesviruses which, in contrast to the above, are genetically stable and persist in the immune host by suppressing viral antigen expression rather than by quasispeciation. Such viruses have coevolved with their host species over thousands if not millions of years (18,19), and on...

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confidence: 99%

HLA-A11-Restricted Epitope Polymorphism among Epstein-Barr Virus Strains in the Highly HLA-A11-Positive Chinese Population: Incidence and Immunogenicity of Variant Epitope Sequences

Midgley

Bell

Yao

et al. 2003

J Virol

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“…4) studies by Lee et al [22] in 1988 showed significant differences in HLA antigen frequencies between the northern and southern Han in China. Consistently, a comprehensive study of immunoglobulin allotypes found the heterogeneity of Han nationality, and confirmed the hypothesis that modern Chinese nation originated from different populations, one originating in the Yellow River valley and the other in the Yangtze River valley [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genetic susceptibility loci for essential hypertension and blood pressure on chromosome 17 in 147 Chinese pedigrees

Huang

et al. 2004

Journal of Hypertension

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“…The reported distribution of class II HLA in Chinese is not consistent because of China's huge territory and ethnic heterogeneity [36]. DR4 is one of the most common DR antigens in Han Chinese.…”

Section: Dr4 In Chinesementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its phenotype frequency can be as low as 11.0% [37] or as high as 41.7% [36] in different regions. Most reported frequencies have been between 23.9 and 41.0% [36,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. In our adult controls the DR4 phenotype frequency was 32.5% (39/120) which is in agreement with the above-mentioned reports.…”

Section: Dr4 In Chinesementioning

confidence: 99%

DQA1Arg52, DQB1nonAsp57, and DRB1*04 Genotypes in Chinese Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes mellitus

Huang

Lee

et al. 1998

Exp Clin Immunogenet

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Ethnic comparisons are extremely important and useful for studying the HLA component involved in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) predisposition. To date there have been only a few reports on the association of HLA loci and IDDM in Chinese. We report here a study on DQA1*Arg52, DQB1*nonAsp57, and DRB1*04 in IDDM children and control adults among Han Chinese living in Taiwan. One hundred and fourteen unrelated children (62 boys) with IDDM were studied. Their ages at diagnosis were between 0.3 and 15.0 years (6.8 ± 3.6 years). The control population consisted of 120 randomly selected normal adults. DQA1*Arg52(+/+), DQB1*nonAsp57(+/+), and DRB1*04(+/–) were associated with IDDM (RR = 11.50, 2.21, and 2.82; p = 1.11 × 10^–15, 2.84 × 10^–3, and 1.98 × 10^–4, respectively). DQA1*Arg52, DQB1*nonAsp57, and DRB1*04 conferred risks for IDDM (RR = 12.79, 7.11, and 2.83; pc = 8.22 × 10^–4, 5.35 × 10^–3, and 5.68 × 10^–4, respectively). Combinations of DQA1*Arg52 and DRB1*04 conferred the highest risk for IDDM (RR = 19.64, pc = 5.4 × 10^–5). DQA1*Arg52 was associated with IDDM in subjects with DQB1*nonAsp57+ (RR = 14.87, pc = 2.41 × 10^–4) and DQB1*nonAsp57 was also associated with IDDM in subjects with DQA1*Arg52+ (RR = 8.41, pc = 1.54 × 10^–3), suggesting that DQA1*Arg52 and DQB1*nonAsp57 are interacting. This study demonstrates that DQA1*Arg52, DQB1*nonAsp57, and DRB1*04 confer susceptibility for IDDM to Chinese children. A combination of DQA1*Arg52 and DRB1*04 confers the highest risk and it is suggested that a susceptibility gene might be situated between DQA1*Arg52 and DRB1*04 or both are synergistic. There is an interaction between DQA1*Arg52 and DQB1*nonAsp57 and homozygosity for DQA1*Arg52/DQB1*nonAsp57, which encodes four susceptibility DQ heterodimers, confers a high risk.

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The polymorphism of HLA antigens in the Chinese

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

HLA-A11-Restricted Epitope Polymorphism among Epstein-Barr Virus Strains in the Highly HLA-A11-Positive Chinese Population: Incidence and Immunogenicity of Variant Epitope Sequences

HLA-A11-Restricted Epitope Polymorphism among Epstein-Barr Virus Strains in the Highly HLA-A11-Positive Chinese Population: Incidence and Immunogenicity of Variant Epitope Sequences

Genetic susceptibility loci for essential hypertension and blood pressure on chromosome 17 in 147 Chinese pedigrees

DQA1Arg52, DQB1nonAsp57, and DRB1*04 Genotypes in Chinese Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes mellitus

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The polymorphism of HLA antigens in the Chinese

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

HLA-A11-Restricted Epitope Polymorphism among Epstein-Barr Virus Strains in the Highly HLA-A11-Positive Chinese Population: Incidence and Immunogenicity of Variant Epitope Sequences

HLA-A11-Restricted Epitope Polymorphism among Epstein-Barr Virus Strains in the Highly HLA-A11-Positive Chinese Population: Incidence and Immunogenicity of Variant Epitope Sequences

Genetic susceptibility loci for essential hypertension and blood pressure on chromosome 17 in 147 Chinese pedigrees

DQA1*Arg52, DQB1*nonAsp57, and DRB1*04 Genotypes in Chinese Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes mellitus

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DQA1Arg52, DQB1nonAsp57, and DRB1*04 Genotypes in Chinese Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes mellitus