The polysaccharide and ribonucleic acid content of purified influenza virus

Frommhagen, Laurence H.; Knight, C.A.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(56)90037-x

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Similar values have been reported for H0 and H2 virions and their HAs (7,13,23,26). Similar values have been reported for H0 and H2 virions and their HAs (7,13,23,26).…”

Section: Antigenic Reactivity O] Purified Ha Treated With Glyeosidasesupporting

confidence: 86%

The role of carbohydrate in determining the immunochemical properties of the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus

Gitelman

Berezin

Kharitonenkov

1981

Archives of Virology

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Most of the carbohydrate was removed from influenza virus MRC II (H3N2) and its purified hemagglutinin (HA) on treatment with glycosidases, including alpha-mannosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-fucosidase. The release of 50 per cent of the carbohydrate from intact virus particles significantly affected hemagglutinating activity. The ability of untreated and glycosidase-treated virus to inhibit the binding of antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin was almost indistinguishable by competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA). Up to 60 per cent of the carbohydrate from the purified HA of influenza virus could be removed. The antigenicity of glycosidase treated HA molecules decreased 8-fold compared to intact HAs as measured by competitive RIA. In addition, glycosidase digestion of 125I-labeled HA resulted in a decrease in its reactivity in direct RIA. We conclude that the carbohydrate portion of the HA of influenza virus is not of major importance in defining the antigenicity of HA.

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“…Similar values have been reported for H0 and H2 virions and their HAs (7,13,23,26). Similar values have been reported for H0 and H2 virions and their HAs (7,13,23,26).…”

Section: Antigenic Reactivity O] Purified Ha Treated With Glyeosidasesupporting

confidence: 86%

The role of carbohydrate in determining the immunochemical properties of the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus

Gitelman

Berezin

Kharitonenkov

1981

Archives of Virology

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“…The inverse relation between infectivity and the 8-azaguanine content of turnip yellow mosaic virus grown in the presence of 8-azaguanine is demonstrated by Matthews (224) . Various strains of the RNA-containing influenza virus have been analyzed (2,124,125,231), revealing RNA (0.7 to 0.9 per cent) , DNA (0 to 0. 1 per cent by microbiological assay) (231), and various sugars [3.5 per cent total (124) , including chiefly galactose and mannose (125)].…”

Section: Biological Involvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various strains of the RNA-containing influenza virus have been analyzed (2,124,125,231), revealing RNA (0.7 to 0.9 per cent) , DNA (0 to 0. 1 per cent by microbiological assay) (231), and various sugars [3.5 per cent total (124) , including chiefly galactose and mannose (125)]. There exist also a propor tionality between infectivity and RNA content and a variation in A+U /G+C from strain A to strain B (2).…”

Section: Biological Involvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nucleic Acids

Cohn¹,

Volkin²

1957

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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Previous reviews of this topic have summarized progress in the biosyn thesis (43), preparation (5), an d organic chemistry of nucleic acids and nucleotides (37). This essay is concerned with recent work that deals with nucleic acid structure, relation to physiological and metabolic events, and biological interventions. The large increase in the number of published papers is met by an attempt to summarize rather than to expound'in detail. STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRYThe ability to prepare DNA from various sources in a more purified and less degraded form and ever-increasing apparent molecular weight (100), coupled with an appreciation of the roles of hydrogen bonding and internal charge distribution, which underlie the structure proposed by Watson & Crick (305), have inspired re-examinations of the physicochemical charac teristics of DNA with improved methodology.Titration.-More accurate determination of the pC' values of the effec tive groups in herring sperm DNA by Cox et al. (71) indicates essentially no phosphoryl titration in the neutral range, which eliminates consideration of secondary phosphoryl end groups and thus the need to invoke triply esteri fied phosphate. The hysteresis (difference between forward and backward titrations) in the titration of both herring sperm (71) and thymus (48, 166) DNA is ascribed to the normal (A to T, C to G) hydrogen bonding, which is eliminated at the extremes of pH, in accordance with theory. The increase in ultraviolet absorption (hyperchromic effect) and bathochromic shift in the spectrum after DNA has been carried to pH 2 or 13 is also in accord (191). It has been indicated by Cavalieri & Rosenberg (46) that the ac ceptance of a proton by guanine, the apparent pK of which varies consider ably with ionic strength (46, 166), may cause rearrangements in the purine that result in breaking both guanine-cytosine hydrogen bonds. The same reaction is held accountable by Cavalieri et al. for a spectrophotometrically 1 The survey of the literature pertaining to this review was completed in Novem ber, 1956.2 The following standard abbreviations are employed: RNA and DNA for the ribo-and deoxyribonucleic acids; A, G, C, MC, D, and T for adenine, guanine, cytosine, methylcytosine, uracil, and thymine; AMP, ADP, etc., for the corresponding nucleoside 5'-phosphates and -pyrophosphates; and TMV for tobacco mosaic virus.• Our thanks are due to Dr. K. Sebesta, of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, for critical sum�ries of pertinent papers appearing in some forty journals of Central European countries. 4 Manuscript prepared under Contract No. W-7405-eng-26 for the Atomic Energy Commission. 491 Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1957.26:491-522. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of Western Ontario on 02/07/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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“…A hemagglutinating, nucleic acid-free protein has also been isolated (2, 5-9). In addition, the elementary body contains several lipoproteins and mucoproteins of host cell origin, some of which appear to be derived from the cell membrane (2,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Depending upon the method of preparation and storage, the virus particles found in different specimens may differ in structure, physical and chemical properties, and biological activity (5).The steps in the replication of influenza virus are incompletely understood because of the observed differences in the time and sequence of appearance of the S, V, HA, and infectious properties of the virus in infected cells and in extracellular fluids under various conditions of infection (15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Immunocytological Effects of Varied Inocula of Influenza Virus

Watson

1961

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Variation in the amount and quality of influenza virus injected into the amniotic sac of the chick embryo led to differences not only in the yield of virus but also in the immunofluorescent cytology of the infection. The production of infectious virus was associated with a predominance of cells in which the virus antigens were first detected along the cell surface in contact with the amniotic fluid, later deeper in the cytoplasm, and finally, though to a lesser extent, in the nucleus. When the virus yield was primarily non-infectious hemagglutinin the virus antigens appeared in reverse sequence; i.e., nucleus first, then adjacent cytoplasm, and ultimately throughout the entire cell. Under conditions of "autointerference," the immunofluorescence seen in some of the cells failed to progress beyond the nuclear or early cytoplasmic stage, while many other cells remained unreactive throughout the experimental period. With the largest dose used a pale intranuclear reaction was localized 1 hour after injection but the embryo died shortly thereafter.

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The polysaccharide and ribonucleic acid content of purified influenza virus

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

The role of carbohydrate in determining the immunochemical properties of the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus

The role of carbohydrate in determining the immunochemical properties of the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus

The Nucleic Acids

Immunocytological Effects of Varied Inocula of Influenza Virus

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