The Population Decline of Indian Sandalwood and People’s Role in Conservation—An Analysis

Arunkumar, A. N.; Joshi, Geeta; Rao, Min; Rathore, T. S.; Ramakantha, V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31014-5_22

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Histidine and nitrogen were increased in infected plants whereas potassium and calcium decreased; numerous phenolic bodies were also detected in infected leaves (Parthasarathi & Ramaswamy, 1961). SSD infections have severely depleted S. album populations in Kerala and Karnataka forests of India (Arunkumar et al., 2016; Kumar, 2014). Since 1995, the production of S. album in India has decreased for several reasons, including poor regeneration, illegal felling and SSD (Binu et al., 2014).…”

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A critical appraisal on the recurrence of sandalwood spike disease and its management practices

2020

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Sandal (Santalum album) is an important forest tree that has been utilized for centuries, valued for its wood and scented essential oil derived from the heartwood. Sandalwood spike disease (SSD) is one of the most destructive problems that affect Indian sandalwood. In 1969, three research groups confirmed that the causal agent of SSD was a phytoplasma. Although research literature on sandalwood spike disease has been published for over a century, many earlier publications reported only primarily descriptive macro‐morphological data. Identification of the causal agent was confirmed only recently, using nested PCR of 16S rRNA‐encoding gene sequences and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The identified phytoplasma exhibited high sequence similarity to the aster yellows subgroup 16SrI‐B in NCBI BLAST search. The use of tissue culture in transgenic and disease‐free cloning strategies to produce disease‐resistant sandalwood tress might be the most realistic solution for SSD. The aim of this review is to increase understanding of SSD among phytopathologists in order to encourage research on SSD to discover best management practices. The increased cultivation of sandalwood plantations has significant importance, and it is essential to review the status of SSD.

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Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indian sandalwood was acknowledged as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 1998 (IUCN, 2015). The Sandal Research Centre (SRC) was established in 1977 to focus work on Indian sandalwood, including genetics, silviculture and management, beginning a new era in sandalwood research (Arunkumar et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical appraisal on the recurrence of sandalwood spike disease and its management practices

2020

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“…Spiked plants do not bear flowers or fruits and trees generally die within 1 to 2 years after the appearance of symptoms at a young age (Swaminathan et al 1998;Balasundaran, Muralidharan 2004;Upul Subasinghe, personal communication). Due to SSD, S. album populations in the forests of Kerala and Karnataka in India became considerably depleted (Swaminathan et al 1998;Kumar 2014;Arunkumar et al 2016). Binu et al (2014) also indicated that S. album production in India has been decreasing at an annual rate of 20% since 1995 for various reasons, including SSD, illicit felling and poor regeneration ability.…”

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycoplasmas are now referred as phytoplasmas, i.e., prokaryotes lacking cell walls, infecting a wide range of plant taxa (Marcone 2015). Plant diseases caused by, or associated with, phytoplasmas occur in many agricultural and horticultural plants species of importance (Bertaccini et al 2014;Arunkumar et al 2016;Gurr et al 2016). There are several reviews on various aspects of phytoplasma research (Marcone 2011;Kube et al 2012;Marcone 2012;Bertaccini et al 2014;Bertaccini 2015;Marcone 2015;Gurr et al 2016;Trivedi et al 2016).…”

Section: Discovery Of the Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandalwood spike disease: a brief synthesis

Silva¹

2016

EEB

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Sandalwood spike disease (SSD) is likely to be the most destructive of known diseases to infect Indian sandalwood, Santalum album L., which is valued for its wood and scented essential oil derived from the heartwood. Even though the history of research on SSD extends for well over a century, most of the earlier work was primarily descriptive in macromorphological aspects. In 1969, a breakthrough was achieved by three independent research groups that confirmed the causal agent of SSD to be a phytoplasma. Despite this discovery, the identity of the causal agent was only confirmed by a single group using RFLP analysis and nested PCR of 16S rDNA. The phytoplasma that was identified showed high sequence similarity to aster yellows subgroup 16SrI-B. Tissue culture to derive disease-free clones and transgenic strategies to derive disease-resistant trees may be the only realistic solutions for ridding the limited S. album forests of SSD. This brief synthesis aims to stimulate greater interest in SSD, especially since sandalwood production has expanded to the Chinese mainland and to Australia.

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“…Genetic diversity in Sandalwood is under threat owing to the illegal felling and heavy infestation by spike disease (Arunkumar et al, 2016) and therefore International Union for Conservation of Nature has categorized it as 'Vulnerable'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allozyme Variations to Measure Genetic Diversity in Clonal Accessions of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album)

N¹,

Warrier²,

Shanthi³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture

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The Population Decline of Indian Sandalwood and People’s Role in Conservation—An Analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

A critical appraisal on the recurrence of sandalwood spike disease and its management practices

A critical appraisal on the recurrence of sandalwood spike disease and its management practices

Sandalwood spike disease: a brief synthesis

Allozyme Variations to Measure Genetic Diversity in Clonal Accessions of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album)

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